﻿the 
  P 
  ennsylvanian 
  Strata 
  of 
  Kansas. 
  367 
  

  

  Every 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  mounds 
  owes 
  its 
  origin 
  to 
  the 
  resistance 
  

   of 
  the 
  bowlders 
  as 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  resistance 
  of 
  the 
  sur- 
  

   rounding 
  and 
  underlying 
  rock, 
  the 
  former 
  having 
  been 
  eroded 
  

   away, 
  while 
  the 
  latter 
  was 
  protected. 
  It 
  should 
  be 
  noted, 
  

   however, 
  that 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  larger 
  mounds 
  has 
  no 
  bowlders 
  on 
  it, 
  

   but 
  there 
  are 
  no 
  reasons 
  for 
  disbelieving 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  once 
  

   there, 
  and 
  have 
  either 
  crumbled 
  under 
  the 
  forces 
  of 
  weather- 
  

   ing, 
  or 
  perhaps 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  people 
  of 
  the 
  region 
  hauled 
  them 
  

   away. 
  On 
  this 
  mound, 
  the 
  shales 
  are 
  at 
  the 
  surface. 
  

  

  The 
  twenty 
  acres 
  due 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  tract 
  jnst 
  considered 
  

   (2 
  on 
  the 
  map) 
  were 
  lower 
  down 
  the 
  slope 
  and 
  hence 
  lower 
  in 
  

   stratigraphic 
  position. 
  Through 
  a 
  portion 
  of 
  the 
  northern 
  

   edge 
  a 
  small 
  creek 
  has 
  cut 
  through 
  the 
  shales 
  associated 
  with 
  

   the 
  bowlders 
  and 
  has 
  reached 
  the 
  underlying 
  Stanton 
  lime- 
  

   stone. 
  Bowlders, 
  some 
  of 
  which 
  are 
  more 
  than 
  a 
  foot 
  in 
  

   diameter, 
  are 
  scattered 
  over 
  the 
  slopes 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  shales 
  out- 
  

   crop 
  and 
  a 
  few 
  are 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  bed 
  of 
  the 
  small 
  creek, 
  where 
  

   it 
  is 
  clear 
  they 
  were 
  thrown 
  to 
  dispose 
  of 
  them. 
  On 
  the 
  road 
  to 
  

   the 
  east, 
  where 
  the 
  land 
  is 
  nearly 
  as 
  high 
  as 
  at 
  the 
  mounds, 
  

   several 
  have 
  been 
  plowed 
  out 
  in 
  the 
  grading. 
  There 
  are 
  not 
  

   nearly 
  so 
  many 
  bowlders 
  on 
  this 
  tract 
  as 
  on 
  the 
  twenty 
  acres 
  

   due 
  south. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  forty 
  acres 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  twenty 
  first 
  considered 
  

   (3 
  on 
  the 
  map) 
  bowlders 
  are 
  very 
  rare. 
  There 
  are 
  probably 
  

   not 
  a 
  dozen 
  on 
  the 
  whole 
  tract 
  ; 
  every 
  one 
  is 
  small, 
  none 
  

   weighs 
  over 
  a 
  pound, 
  and 
  there 
  is 
  little 
  doubt 
  that 
  man 
  is 
  

   responsible 
  for 
  their 
  occurrence 
  on 
  this 
  field. 
  On 
  the 
  forty 
  

   acres 
  to 
  the 
  north 
  (4 
  on 
  the 
  map) 
  granite 
  bowlders 
  up 
  to 
  

   eighteen 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter 
  occur 
  quite 
  thickly 
  scattered 
  over 
  

   parts 
  of 
  the 
  higher 
  land 
  on 
  the 
  southern 
  side 
  and 
  are 
  most 
  

   abundant 
  on 
  the 
  southeast 
  corner 
  of 
  the 
  area. 
  On 
  this 
  corner 
  

   the 
  soil 
  is 
  extremely 
  thin 
  in 
  many 
  places 
  and 
  in 
  some 
  places 
  it 
  

   is 
  altogether 
  wanting 
  and 
  the 
  shales, 
  thickly 
  studded 
  with 
  

   small 
  granite 
  bowlders, 
  are 
  at 
  the 
  surface. 
  The 
  small 
  creek, 
  

   which 
  has 
  already 
  been 
  noted, 
  flows 
  through 
  this 
  tract 
  and 
  has 
  

   the 
  Stanton 
  limestone 
  exposed 
  in 
  its 
  bed. 
  A 
  few 
  granite 
  

   bowlders 
  are 
  present 
  in 
  the 
  creek 
  bed, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  evident 
  

   that 
  they 
  were 
  thrown 
  there 
  to 
  get 
  rid 
  of 
  them. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  there 
  was 
  at 
  one 
  time 
  an 
  extension 
  of 
  the 
  

   bowlders 
  to 
  the 
  west, 
  since 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  of 
  the 
  largest 
  mound 
  

   there 
  is 
  a 
  comparatively 
  rapid 
  descent 
  — 
  a 
  grade 
  of 
  five 
  to 
  six 
  

   per 
  cent 
  — 
  to 
  exposures 
  of 
  the 
  Stanton 
  limestone 
  which 
  out- 
  

   crops 
  about 
  three 
  hundred 
  feet 
  beyond 
  the 
  western 
  edge 
  of 
  the 
  

   mound. 
  No 
  bowlders, 
  however, 
  are 
  present 
  within 
  about 
  one 
  

   hundred 
  and 
  fifty 
  feet 
  of 
  the 
  outcrop, 
  so 
  that 
  it 
  is 
  quite 
  

   probable 
  that 
  the 
  bowlders 
  in 
  their 
  distribution 
  ended 
  abruptly 
  

   westward. 
  

  

  