﻿the 
  Pennsylvanian 
  Strata 
  of 
  Kansas. 
  379 
  

  

  rocks 
  in 
  place 
  locally 
  underlie 
  the 
  Pennsylvanian 
  strata 
  of 
  

   central 
  Kansas 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  that 
  the 
  Zeandale 
  granites 
  

   hold 
  a 
  similar 
  position. 
  Furthermore, 
  the 
  evidence 
  in 
  the 
  

   writer's 
  possession, 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  derived 
  from 
  at 
  least 
  five 
  

   independent 
  sources, 
  points 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  these 
  granites 
  

   are 
  older 
  than 
  the 
  overlying 
  strata. 
  If 
  this 
  view 
  be 
  correct, 
  

   and 
  the 
  Rose 
  bowlders 
  be 
  of 
  the 
  origin 
  indicated 
  by 
  the 
  avail- 
  

   able 
  data, 
  it 
  follows 
  that 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  connection 
  between 
  the 
  

   two 
  occurrences. 
  

  

  Conclusions 
  from 
  the 
  Known 
  Data. 
  

  

  (1) 
  The 
  bowlders 
  reached 
  the 
  positions 
  where 
  they 
  are 
  found 
  

   through 
  the 
  agency 
  of 
  ice, 
  either 
  glacial 
  or 
  floating 
  ; 
  but 
  more 
  

   probably 
  the 
  latter. 
  

  

  (2) 
  The 
  view 
  is 
  strongly 
  favored 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  

   age 
  and 
  hold 
  the 
  same 
  stratigraphic 
  position 
  as 
  the 
  shales 
  with 
  

   which 
  they 
  are 
  associated, 
  that 
  is, 
  they 
  are 
  the 
  deposits 
  of 
  

   Pennsylvanian 
  floating 
  ice. 
  

  

  (3) 
  It 
  is 
  barely 
  possible 
  that 
  they 
  are 
  a 
  remnant 
  of 
  an 
  early 
  

   Pleistocene 
  or 
  Tertiary 
  drift 
  deposit 
  which 
  resulted 
  from 
  a 
  

   great 
  glacial 
  advance 
  in 
  pre-Kansan 
  times, 
  or 
  the 
  bowlders 
  may 
  

   have 
  been 
  laid 
  down 
  by 
  floating 
  ice 
  derived 
  from 
  the 
  glacier's 
  

   margin. 
  

  

  Corollaries 
  of 
  the 
  Conclusions. 
  

  

  (1) 
  If 
  the 
  bowlders 
  are 
  not 
  of 
  Pennsylvanian 
  age, 
  they 
  may 
  

   belong 
  to 
  the 
  sub-Aftonian 
  drift, 
  to 
  the 
  bowlders 
  of 
  which, 
  

   however, 
  they 
  bear 
  little 
  resemblance. 
  Should 
  they 
  belong 
  

   therewith, 
  it 
  follows 
  that 
  the 
  sub-Aftonian 
  stage 
  of 
  glaciation 
  

   in 
  Kansas 
  extended 
  farther 
  south 
  than 
  the 
  glaciers 
  of 
  any 
  other 
  

   stage 
  are 
  known 
  to 
  have 
  done. 
  If 
  not 
  of 
  sub-Aftonian 
  age, 
  

   then 
  perhaps 
  they 
  should 
  be 
  correlated 
  with 
  the 
  Tertiary 
  gla- 
  

   cial 
  deposits 
  of 
  southwestern 
  Colorado, 
  recently 
  described 
  by 
  

   Atwood 
  ;* 
  but, 
  so 
  far 
  as 
  known, 
  there 
  is 
  no 
  information 
  

   whatever 
  on 
  which 
  to 
  base 
  a 
  synchrony. 
  

  

  If 
  the 
  bowlders 
  are 
  in 
  the 
  LeRoy 
  shales 
  and 
  sandstones 
  and 
  

   are 
  of 
  Pennsylvanian 
  age, 
  as 
  appears 
  the 
  more 
  probable 
  view, 
  

   they 
  add 
  another 
  link 
  to 
  the 
  chain 
  of 
  evidence 
  for 
  cool 
  climates 
  

   in 
  Pennsylvanian 
  times. 
  In 
  the 
  Old 
  World 
  and 
  South 
  America 
  

   the 
  evidence 
  for 
  such 
  cool 
  climates 
  is 
  fairly 
  complete, 
  but 
  for 
  

   North 
  America 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  more 
  or 
  less 
  scanty. 
  The 
  finding 
  

   of 
  bowlders, 
  probably 
  ice 
  transported, 
  in 
  the 
  base 
  of 
  the 
  Caney 
  

   shale 
  of 
  Oklahoma,'f 
  which 
  TJlrich 
  considers 
  of 
  Pottsvillian 
  

  

  * 
  Atwood, 
  U. 
  S. 
  Geol., 
  Prof. 
  Paper 
  9 
  5-B, 
  1916. 
  

  

  f 
  Taff 
  , 
  Science, 
  vol. 
  xxix, 
  p. 
  637, 
  April 
  1909, 
  Bull. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  Am., 
  vol. 
  

   xx, 
  p. 
  701, 
  1910. 
  Woodworth, 
  Bull. 
  Geol. 
  Soc. 
  Am., 
  vol. 
  xxiii, 
  p. 
  457, 
  1913. 
  

  

  