﻿408 
  H. 
  Arctowski 
  — 
  Normal 
  Anomalies 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  ascending 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  curve 
  of 
  Barnaoul 
  the 
  depres- 
  

   sions 
  following 
  the 
  crests 
  generally 
  precede 
  by 
  two 
  to 
  four 
  

   days 
  the 
  corresponding 
  details 
  of 
  the 
  curve 
  of 
  Nertchinsk. 
  

   The 
  inflexions 
  of 
  the 
  isotherms, 
  characteristic 
  for 
  these 
  changes, 
  

   progress 
  therefore 
  across 
  Siberia 
  from 
  the 
  W. 
  towards 
  the 
  E. 
  

  

  But, 
  as 
  a 
  result 
  of 
  the 
  international 
  balloon 
  ascents 
  of 
  May 
  

   13th, 
  1897, 
  Hergesell 
  has 
  shown 
  that 
  the 
  typical 
  decrease 
  of 
  

   temperature 
  observed 
  then 
  in 
  Central 
  Europe 
  was 
  very 
  much 
  

   more 
  accentuated 
  at 
  high 
  altitudes 
  than 
  it 
  was 
  near 
  the 
  ground.* 
  

   Similar 
  observations 
  have 
  been 
  made 
  since. 
  In 
  consequence, 
  

   the 
  inflexion 
  of 
  the 
  isotherms 
  must 
  be 
  more 
  pronounced 
  at 
  an 
  

   altitude 
  of 
  10,000 
  -m. 
  than 
  it 
  is 
  at 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  earth's 
  

   crust. 
  After 
  each 
  step 
  of 
  the 
  ascending 
  temperature 
  curve, 
  the 
  

   entire 
  air 
  mass 
  above 
  the 
  station 
  where 
  the 
  step 
  has 
  been 
  

   observed 
  is 
  changed. 
  The 
  work 
  of 
  the 
  progressive 
  heating 
  of 
  

   the 
  ground 
  by 
  solar 
  radiation 
  and 
  the 
  heating 
  of 
  the 
  air 
  mass 
  

   above, 
  by 
  convection 
  currents, 
  must, 
  to 
  a 
  certain 
  extent, 
  be 
  

   begun 
  anew, 
  and 
  probably 
  under 
  different 
  conditions. 
  

  

  Evidently, 
  to 
  reach 
  a 
  definite 
  conclusion 
  it 
  would 
  be 
  nec- 
  

   essary 
  to 
  study 
  the 
  records 
  of 
  individual 
  years 
  and 
  the 
  weather 
  

   maps 
  as 
  well. 
  But 
  the 
  real 
  difficulty, 
  and 
  at 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  

   great 
  interest 
  of 
  the 
  study 
  of 
  these 
  normal 
  anomalies 
  of 
  the 
  

   mean 
  annual 
  temperature 
  variation, 
  resides 
  in 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  we 
  

   have 
  to 
  deal 
  with 
  a 
  phenomenon 
  showing 
  intimate 
  relationship 
  

   between 
  very 
  far 
  distant 
  stations. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  opposite 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  world, 
  in 
  Baltimore, 
  f 
  the 
  tem- 
  

   perature 
  crests 
  of 
  February 
  22d, 
  March 
  10th, 
  April 
  14th 
  

   and 
  May 
  10th, 
  there 
  observed, 
  belong 
  also 
  to 
  the 
  curves 
  of 
  

   Barnaoul 
  and 
  Nertchinsk. 
  In 
  Barnaoul 
  they 
  occur 
  : 
  Febru- 
  

   ary 
  18, 
  March 
  9, 
  April 
  21 
  and 
  Mav 
  10. 
  In 
  ^Nertchinsk 
  : 
  Feb- 
  

   ruary 
  22, 
  March 
  12, 
  April 
  20 
  (andllay 
  12). 
  

  

  Already 
  Dove* 
  noticed 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  anomaly 
  occurring 
  

   during 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  May 
  is 
  noticeable 
  in 
  the 
  records 
  collected 
  

   in 
  Arctic 
  America 
  and 
  Greenland. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand, 
  accord- 
  

   ing 
  to 
  R. 
  C. 
  Mossman,§ 
  the 
  cold 
  period 
  of 
  May 
  is 
  well 
  pro- 
  

   nounced 
  in 
  Argentina 
  and 
  Chile, 
  north 
  of 
  40° 
  S. 
  lat.. 
  and 
  it 
  

   was 
  also 
  observed 
  at 
  the 
  winter 
  quarters 
  of 
  the 
  u 
  Discovery 
  " 
  

   in 
  1902 
  and 
  1903, 
  at 
  Cape 
  Adare 
  in 
  1899, 
  at 
  the 
  South 
  Ork- 
  

   neys 
  during 
  all 
  the 
  years 
  of 
  observation 
  from 
  1903 
  to 
  1908, 
  

   with 
  the 
  exception 
  of 
  1906. 
  

  

  Mossman 
  remarks 
  that 
  thus 
  the 
  temperature 
  anomaly 
  of 
  

   May 
  is 
  a 
  bipolar 
  phenomenon 
  and 
  he 
  adds 
  that 
  the 
  curve 
  of 
  

  

  * 
  Meteor. 
  Zeit., 
  xvii, 
  1, 
  1900. 
  

  

  f 
  O. 
  L. 
  Fassig 
  : 
  The 
  climate 
  and 
  weather 
  of 
  Baltimore, 
  pi. 
  3, 
  Baltimore, 
  

   1907. 
  

  

  JLoc. 
  cit., 
  p. 
  162. 
  

  

  §Symon's 
  Met. 
  Mag., 
  xliv, 
  1, 
  1909. 
  

  

  