490 Drushel and Dean — Hydrolysis of Esters, etc. 



the reaction ; one in the beta position has a still greater effect. 

 A similar result* was obtained in the cases of the chlor and 

 brom propionates and there is an indication that this may 

 prove to be the general rule. The other results of this paper 

 seem to point toward the absence of general rules governing 

 the behavior of esters hydrolized in acid solution. 



Summary. 



1. Ethyl lactate has a velocity of hydrolysis in acid solution 

 about two per cent greater than that of the propionate at 25°, 

 practically equal to it at 35° and about two per cent less at 45°. 



2. Ethyl glycerate hydrolyzes about one-fourth as fast as 

 ethyl propionate. 



3. Ethyl alpha ethyloxy propionate and ethyl beta ethyloxy 

 propionate have velocities respectively about twenty-seven per 

 cent and twenty-one per cent of that of the propionate. 



4. Hydroxyl substituted esters seem to have a low temper- 

 ature coefficient. 



5. The beta position of a retarding radical appears to increase 

 its effect. 



6. The effect on acid hydrolysis of substituted hydroxyl 

 groups is not an additive property. 



Further work has been begun on the reaction velocities of 

 various butyrates. It is intended that this series shall include, 

 normal and iso-buty rates, the alpha and beta hydroxy-buty rates 

 and ethyl hydroxy-isobutyrate. 



* This Journal, xxxiv, 69. 



