R. Broom — South African Paleontology. 575 



Though among the Anomodonta less remained to be known 

 we have many interesting new facts. Oudenodon is now 

 clearly recognized to be the female of Dicynodon. In the 

 skull of Dicynodon there is now believed to be a distinct 

 quadrato-jugal, though it is almost always anchylosed to the 

 quadrate and forms part of the articulation. Further, most 

 Anomodonts have a septo-maxillary. In some species it is 

 large ; in others it is either rudimentary or absent. In the 

 palate a distinct transpalatine is now recognized. The peculiar 

 bone which was long regarded by the writer as tympanic is 

 now known to be the stapes and this discovery has led to the 

 complete acceptance of the incus-quadrate theory by the writer 

 and possibly others. 



Our knowledge of the Cynodonts has been increased by the 

 discovery of a few new forms but chiefly by the detailed 

 investigation of the known skulls by AVatson and Broom. The 

 Cynodont skull is now almost as well known as that of the 

 mammal. 



Among the Diapsida, using this very handy term for the 

 reptiles other than the mammal-like reptiles, by far the most 

 important find has been the little reptile found by Browm and 

 named bj 7 the writer Eujiarkeria capensis. It is a large- 

 headed little animal about 2 feet in length. The skull is suffi- 

 ciently primitive for it to have been ancestral either to the 

 Dinosaurs, the Pterodactyls or the Birds, or even to the gen- 

 eralized ancestral Phytosaurs such as Erythrosuchus. The 

 shoulder girdle has a large coracoid with enclosed foramen. 

 The pelvis is plate-like and might be ancestral to either the 

 Dinosaur or Avian types. The pes has the large Rhyncho- 

 cephalian 5th metatarsal but in other respects is quite Dino- 

 saurian. There is reason to believe that the animal was at 

 least potentially bipedal. Unfortunately the manus is unknown. 

 Though Euparheria cannot be placed with the Dinosaurs, 

 there is little doubt that it belongs to a group immediately 

 ancestral to the Theropoda — a group to which also belonged 

 the ancestor of the bird and of the Pterodactyls. A curious 

 specialization of the genus is the presence of two pubic fora- 

 mina. The eye has well ossified sclerotic plates and the ribs 

 appear to have small uncinates. A series of dermal ossifica- 

 tions runs down the back from the head to well down the tail. 

 These ossifications are arranged in pairs, one lying on each side 

 of each vertebral spine and each has its long axis directed 

 antero-posteriorly. A larger but less completely known genus 

 has but a single large public foramen. 



A third remarkable genus discovered by Brown has been 

 named Mesosuchus browni by Watson. It is about the same 

 size as Euparhtrta capensis but differs in that while this latter 



