576 E. Broom — South African Paleontology. 



has carnivorous Dinosaur-like teeth arranged in sockets, Meso- 

 suchus has the teeth ankylosed to the bone and irregularly 

 arranged on the maxilla. It also differs in a number of cranial 

 characters, in the shape of the pelvis, and in the absence of 

 dermal ossifications. Nevertheless it will probably have to be 

 kept in the same order as Euparkeria. 



The wonderful Permian and Triassic deposits of South 

 Africa have in the Therocephalians, the Gorgonopsians, and 

 the Cynodonts revealed to us practically the whole line of 

 Mammalian descent, for in the Cynodonts we have types that 

 are almost mammalian. In the Permian JEunotosaurus we 

 probably have an ancestral Chelonian. In the Triassic Pali- 

 guana we have the oldest known Lacertilian. In Protero- 

 suchus, Euparkeria and Mesosuchus we have representatives 

 of an order which probably contained the ancestors of the 

 Dinosaurs, the Pterodactyls, the Birds, and through Erythro- 

 suchus-like types, of the Phytosaurs, and possibly of the 

 Crocodiles. 



Among Amphibians the most remarkable discovery has 

 been two or three nearly perfect skeletons of our large South 

 African Eryops-like form. It has been named Myriodon 

 senekalensis by Yan Hoepen, but it is almost certainly generi- 

 cally at least identical with the type previously described by 

 me as Rhinesuchiis whaitsi. Though a temnospondylous type 

 it foreshadows in many characters the Cotylosaurs. Yan 

 Hoepen is shortly publishing a description of the remarkable 

 skeleton. 



A considerable number of new species and genera of fossil 

 fishes from the Karroo are now known, but no strikingly new 

 types. 



