Sergipe, and Alagoas, Brazil. 629 



Macaco Secco limestones and red shales are exposed. At Rio 

 Una the limestone is exposed in bluffs 30 meters high in nearly 

 horizontal beds. 



Descending the steep hill at Canna Brava close to Rio Para- 

 guassu blocks of the red Estancia sandstones and a few pieces 

 of limestone strew the slopes near the road. On the flat 

 ground at the base of the hill and close to the river light pink- 

 ish limestone is exposed in place. 



At and about the inn at Tamandua the Estancia red sand- 

 stone is exposed. Three hundred meters downstream from the 

 inn great ledges of it are well exposed on the south side of the 

 Rio Paraguassu. The beds here are jointed, and consist of 

 both sandstone and conglomerates. Three hundred meters up 

 stream from the inn granite blocks till the channel of the river. 

 Two and a half kilometers north of the village of Bebedouro 

 coarse red basal conglomerate is exposed. One kilometer or 

 less north of Bebedouro the Estancia beds outcrop at the base 

 of the mountain, red granite is exposed at the southern edge of 

 that village, while just west of it, at the base of the ridge, the 

 Estancia beds crop out in long horizontal ledges and in blocks. 



Evidently the Estancia beds on this part of the Paraguassu 

 rest directly upon the granites and attain a thickness of more 

 than a hundred meters. From this place to the railway at Ban- 

 deira de Mello and thence to Caxoeira on the bay of Bahia the 

 rocks are all granites, gneisses, and other old crystalline rocks. 

 The zone of Estancia beds has a width of fifty kilometers where 

 they are cut through by the Rio Paraguassu between Bebe- 

 douro and Bichinha near Andarahy. 



The Estancia beds in the state of Sergipe. — The first brief 

 description of the red sandstones found at the town of Estancia 

 in the state of Sergipe, was published in 1870 in Hartt's Geol- 

 ogy and Physical Geography of Brazil at page 379. Hartt 

 says of them : "Estancia is built on a rolling country, where 

 the heights of the immediate vicinity are not more than two 

 or three hundred feet. The hills are rounded, and the rocks 

 comprising them are coarse red micaceous sandstones, quite 

 indistinguishable in the hand specimen from the Triassic red 

 sandstone of New Jersey. This sandstone covers a large area, 

 and must be very thick. I examined it in several places, but 

 found no signs of fossils. The dip, as a general thing, appears 

 to be a few degrees to the eastward." 



In 1875, during the existence of the Commissao Geologica 

 and as one of the geological assistants, I worked on the geology 

 of Sergipe, visited Estancia, and crossed the region between 

 that place and the base of the Serra de Itabaiana for the pur- 

 pose of determining the relations of the Estancia beds to the 

 mountains of the interior. It was found that the Estancia beds 



