Sergipe, and Alagoas, Brazil. 



631 



ture as given in one of Mr. Crandall's letters is shown in 

 figs. 15 and 16. 



The Estancia hods in Alagoas. — The occurrence of the beds 

 of the Estancia series in Alagoas was first noted by the English 

 botanist, George Gardner, who visited Penedo in 1838. He 

 states that the rock on which that city stands is a line-grained 

 yellowish sandstone." 



Professor Hartt, in his Geology and Physical Geography of 

 Brazil, also speaks of the Penedo sandstones, but he did not 

 correlate them with the Estancia beds. The writer visited 

 Penedo in 1875 and found in the lower parts of the series, just 

 north of the ledge on which Penedo stands, fragments of fossil 

 plants. When the Commissao Geologica was abolished by the 



Fig. 15. 



Fig. 15. Section from Itaporanga to Lagarto, by E. Crandall. 



Fig. 16. 



E&tawc 



Fig. 16. Section from Estancia to Itaporanga showing the Tertiary rest- 

 ing on the Estancia beds, by E. Crandall. 



government these fossils were turned over to the National 

 Museum in Kio de Janeiro, but nothing has ever been clone 

 with them. They were very poor, however, and mostly unre- 

 cognizable. The sandstone beds dip toward the southeast, and 

 strike into the interior of the state of Alagoas. On later trips 

 made across the state of Alagoas along the railway the Estan- 

 cia beds were not found, f and it is therefore inferred that they 

 are concealed by the Tertiary beds in the eastern part of Ala- 

 goas, and that they thin out toward the east and do not reach 

 the state of Pernambuco near the coast. The hypothetical dis- 

 tribution of the Estancia beds in Alagoas is shown on a map 

 published by the writer in 1910. % 



Conclusions in regard to the Estancia Series of Brazil. — 

 The Estancia series of Brazil, named for the town of Estancia 



* George Gardner : Travels in the interior of Brazil. 2d ed., London, 1849, 

 p. 88. 



f J. C. Brainier : Two characteristic geologic sections on the northeast 

 coast of Brazil, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., II, 185-201, Washington, 1900. 



% J. C. Branner : The geology of the coast of the state of Alagoas, Ann. 

 Carnegie Museum, VII, 5-22, Pittsburg, 1910. 



