﻿Diastrophism 
  in 
  Atlantic- 
  Arctic 
  Region. 
  19 
  

  

  phism 
  on 
  the 
  European 
  side 
  is 
  of 
  course 
  a 
  phenomenon 
  

   that 
  must 
  be 
  considered 
  in 
  our 
  explanation 
  of 
  why 
  the 
  

   European 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  belt 
  lost 
  its 
  geosynclinal 
  character 
  

   so 
  much 
  earlier 
  than 
  did 
  the 
  American. 
  

  

  The 
  axis 
  of 
  Caledonian 
  folding 
  in 
  eastern 
  Finmarken, 
  

   northern 
  Norway, 
  has 
  a 
  rather 
  easterly 
  direction, 
  that 
  is, 
  

   northeast, 
  or 
  even 
  still 
  more 
  toward 
  the 
  east. 
  On 
  the 
  

   other 
  hand, 
  when 
  we 
  note 
  that 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  axis 
  

   in 
  Spitzbergen 
  is 
  south-southeast 
  and 
  parallel 
  with 
  the 
  

   west 
  coast, 
  and 
  that 
  the 
  same 
  direction 
  prevails 
  also 
  in 
  

   Bear 
  Island, 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  necessary 
  to 
  assume 
  that 
  we 
  

   have 
  in 
  northern 
  Norway 
  the 
  proximal 
  end 
  of 
  an 
  eastern 
  

   branch 
  of 
  the 
  Caledonian 
  zone 
  of 
  deformation. 
  This 
  

   must 
  not 
  be 
  mistaken 
  for 
  the 
  slight 
  west-east 
  or 
  west- 
  

   northwest 
  - 
  east-southeast 
  folding 
  of 
  eastern 
  Finmarken 
  

   which 
  has 
  been 
  thought 
  by 
  some 
  authors 
  to 
  indicate 
  a 
  

   younger 
  system 
  of 
  folds, 
  and 
  regarded 
  as 
  the 
  continua- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  the 
  late 
  Paleozoic 
  Timan 
  chain 
  of 
  North 
  Russia. 
  

   This 
  idea 
  of 
  a 
  time 
  of 
  younger 
  folding 
  has 
  not 
  been 
  con- 
  

   firmed 
  by 
  the 
  recent 
  investigations 
  of 
  the 
  author. 
  The 
  

   very 
  slight 
  west-east 
  running 
  folds 
  exist 
  only 
  close 
  to 
  the 
  

   southern 
  margin 
  of 
  the 
  sedimentary 
  region 
  of 
  Finmar- 
  

   ken, 
  a 
  region 
  bordered 
  by 
  a 
  once 
  relatively 
  steep 
  wall 
  

   of 
  Archean 
  rocks 
  occurring 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  Varanger 
  

   fault. 
  It 
  was 
  against 
  this 
  wall 
  that 
  the 
  Caledonian 
  folds, 
  

   like 
  waves 
  meeting 
  the 
  shore, 
  had 
  to 
  take 
  an 
  easterly 
  

   direction, 
  even 
  if 
  the 
  normal 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  folds, 
  as 
  

   seen 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  coast 
  of 
  the 
  Varanger 
  Peninsula, 
  was 
  

   northeast. 
  

  

  Even 
  if 
  these 
  northeasterly 
  striking 
  folds 
  cannot, 
  

   without 
  a 
  good 
  deal 
  of 
  curving, 
  be 
  made 
  to 
  meet 
  those 
  

   of 
  the 
  Timan 
  ranges, 
  they 
  are 
  nevertheless 
  a 
  feature 
  of 
  

   interest. 
  When 
  compared 
  with 
  the 
  geological 
  structure 
  

   of 
  North 
  America, 
  such 
  a 
  branch, 
  pointing 
  toward 
  a 
  

   region 
  of 
  younger 
  folds 
  — 
  Ural-Nova 
  Zembla 
  — 
  might 
  be 
  

   regarded, 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  Timan, 
  as 
  a 
  structural 
  par- 
  

   allel 
  to 
  the 
  Quachita 
  range 
  of 
  America, 
  representing 
  in 
  

   a 
  way 
  a 
  connecting 
  belt 
  between 
  an 
  older 
  and 
  a 
  younger 
  

   folding 
  zone, 
  the 
  Appalachian- 
  Cordilleran 
  folds. 
  

  

  If 
  we 
  thus 
  take 
  into 
  consideration, 
  not 
  so 
  much 
  the 
  

   absolute 
  as 
  the 
  relative 
  age 
  of 
  the 
  folded 
  zones, 
  we 
  see 
  a 
  

   quite 
  remarkable 
  likeness 
  between 
  the 
  geologic 
  structure 
  

   of 
  northern 
  Europe 
  and 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  North 
  American 
  conti- 
  

   nent. 
  When 
  we 
  consider 
  especially 
  eastern 
  North 
  Amer- 
  

  

  