﻿Stratigraphy 
  of 
  Eastern 
  New 
  Mexico. 
  101 
  

  

  mento-Guadalupe-Delaware 
  structure, 
  with 
  the 
  southern 
  

   Sangre 
  de 
  Cristo 
  Range 
  and 
  its 
  southward 
  extension 
  in 
  

   southward-plunging 
  anticlines 
  extending 
  as 
  far 
  as 
  cen- 
  

   tral 
  New 
  Mexico, 
  form 
  the 
  eastern 
  front 
  range 
  of 
  the 
  

   western 
  Cordillera 
  in 
  New 
  Mexico 
  and 
  northern 
  Trans- 
  

   Pecos, 
  Texas. 
  

  

  Intermontane 
  alluvium-covered 
  basins 
  lie 
  between 
  the 
  

   Basin 
  Ranges. 
  The 
  Otero 
  or 
  Tularosa 
  Basin 
  is 
  without 
  

   exterior 
  drainage 
  and 
  was 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  a 
  Quaternary 
  lake. 
  

   To 
  the 
  southeast 
  the 
  Otero 
  Basin 
  is 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  

   Salt 
  Basin, 
  west 
  of 
  the 
  Guadalupe 
  and 
  Delaware 
  moun- 
  

   tains, 
  by 
  a 
  low 
  divide 
  formed 
  partly 
  by 
  the 
  San 
  Andreas 
  

   limestone, 
  partly 
  by 
  alluvium. 
  The 
  Salt 
  Basin 
  has 
  no 
  

   exterior 
  drainage. 
  The 
  other 
  intermontane 
  depressions, 
  

   the 
  Jornada 
  del 
  Muerto 
  (structurally 
  a 
  syncline) 
  and 
  the 
  

   Hueco 
  Bolson, 
  have 
  been 
  drained 
  by 
  the 
  Rio 
  Grande. 
  

   Evidence 
  is, 
  indeed, 
  in 
  hand, 
  although 
  not 
  yet 
  perhaps 
  

   conclusive, 
  that 
  the 
  basin 
  of 
  the 
  Rio 
  Grande, 
  from 
  Santa 
  

   Fe 
  on 
  the 
  north 
  to 
  beyond 
  El 
  Paso 
  on 
  the 
  south, 
  was 
  in 
  

   former 
  times 
  part 
  of 
  a 
  region 
  without 
  exterior 
  drainage. 
  

  

  The 
  Estancia 
  Valley, 
  an 
  enclosed 
  basin 
  of 
  central 
  New 
  

   Mexico, 
  is 
  in 
  origin 
  partly 
  structural 
  and 
  partly 
  ero- 
  

   sional. 
  Later 
  anthracolithic 
  sediments 
  dip 
  towards 
  the 
  

   center 
  of 
  the 
  Estancia 
  from 
  the 
  Manzano 
  Mountains 
  on 
  

   the 
  west 
  and 
  the 
  Hills 
  of 
  Pedernal 
  on 
  the 
  east, 
  the 
  laeco- 
  

   lithic 
  uplifts 
  of 
  the 
  San 
  Pedro 
  and 
  Ortiz 
  mountains 
  form 
  

   its 
  north 
  and 
  northwest 
  boundaries, 
  but 
  its 
  southern 
  

   border 
  is 
  the 
  erosion 
  escarpment 
  of 
  the 
  Chupadero 
  Mesa 
  

   in 
  which 
  early 
  Permian 
  Ye 
  so 
  and 
  San 
  Andreas 
  sediments 
  

   dip 
  gently 
  to 
  the 
  south. 
  The 
  other 
  enclosed 
  basins 
  of 
  

   central 
  New 
  Mexico, 
  such 
  as 
  the 
  White 
  Lakes 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  

   San 
  Pedro 
  Mountains, 
  the 
  Encino 
  Basin, 
  and 
  the 
  Pinos 
  

   Wells 
  Basin, 
  have 
  been 
  formed 
  by 
  ground 
  settlement 
  

   brought 
  about 
  as 
  a 
  consequence 
  of 
  solution 
  of 
  beds 
  of 
  

   gypsum 
  and 
  salt 
  in 
  the 
  Yeso 
  formation. 
  

  

  The 
  Great 
  Plains 
  cover 
  half 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  area 
  

   examined. 
  They 
  extend 
  eastward 
  from 
  the 
  Front 
  Range 
  

   of 
  the 
  Cordillera. 
  From 
  approximately 
  north 
  of 
  the 
  line 
  

   of 
  the 
  Belen 
  cut-off 
  of 
  the 
  Santa 
  Fe 
  Railroad, 
  eastward 
  

   to 
  the 
  Llano 
  Estacado, 
  the 
  plains 
  are 
  traversed 
  by 
  a 
  

   series 
  of 
  low 
  broad 
  folds 
  with 
  axes 
  running 
  slightly 
  at 
  

   variance 
  with 
  north-south 
  strikes, 
  but 
  parallel 
  with 
  the 
  

   structure 
  of 
  the 
  southern 
  Rockies 
  on 
  the 
  west. 
  A 
  broad 
  

   syncline 
  of 
  Upper 
  Cretaceous 
  sediments 
  is 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  