﻿430 
  T. 
  Holm 
  — 
  Studies 
  in 
  the 
  Cyperacece. 
  

  

  flowers 
  are 
  very 
  seldom 
  obtuse 
  ; 
  they 
  are 
  mostly 
  acumi- 
  

   nate, 
  mucronate 
  or 
  aristate. 
  The 
  perigynium 
  shows 
  

   several 
  structures, 
  membranaceous 
  or 
  coriaceous, 
  more 
  

   or 
  less 
  turgid 
  or 
  compressed, 
  but 
  with 
  the 
  beak 
  very 
  

   short, 
  entire 
  or 
  slightly 
  emarginate. 
  The 
  geographical 
  

   distribution 
  is 
  quite 
  extensive 
  ; 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  members 
  of 
  

   the 
  C. 
  salina 
  alliance 
  are 
  arctic, 
  and 
  G. 
  subspathacea 
  

   Wormskj. 
  is 
  circumpolar, 
  beside 
  C. 
  rariflora 
  Sm. 
  ; 
  sev- 
  

   eral 
  of 
  the 
  species 
  abound 
  in 
  the 
  boreal 
  regions 
  of 
  both 
  

   worlds, 
  while 
  others 
  show 
  a 
  more 
  southern 
  distribution, 
  

   extending 
  to 
  the 
  Himalayas, 
  Japan, 
  Java 
  etc., 
  beside 
  

   New 
  Zealand. 
  And 
  with 
  respect 
  to 
  the 
  most 
  evolute 
  

   types, 
  these 
  are 
  to 
  be 
  sought 
  in 
  New 
  Zealand: 
  G. 
  ternaria 
  

   and 
  C. 
  subdola, 
  in 
  Korea: 
  C. 
  tuminensis, 
  in 
  Ceylon: 
  G. 
  

   Arnottiana, 
  and 
  on 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  the 
  Straits 
  of 
  Magel- 
  

   lan 
  : 
  G. 
  Darwini. 
  Some 
  very 
  local 
  types 
  are 
  represented 
  

   by 
  for 
  instance: 
  G. 
  Lyngbyei 
  Hornem. 
  (Faeroe 
  Islands), 
  

   G. 
  capillipes 
  Drej. 
  (Iceland), 
  G. 
  , 
  hcematolepis 
  Drej. 
  

   (Greenland), 
  C. 
  stygia 
  Fr. 
  (Alaska, 
  Finmark), 
  and 
  G. 
  

   nesophila 
  nob. 
  (Alaska). 
  

  

  Among 
  the 
  types 
  indigenous 
  to 
  this 
  country, 
  C. 
  crinita, 
  

   C. 
  gynandra, 
  G. 
  glaueescens 
  , 
  and 
  G. 
  litt 
  oralis 
  are 
  confined 
  

   to 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  slope, 
  while 
  G. 
  magnified, 
  G. 
  Schottu, 
  C. 
  

   lacunarum, 
  and 
  G. 
  cryptochlcena 
  occur 
  only 
  on 
  the 
  Pacific 
  

   coast. 
  

  

  In 
  classifying 
  the 
  species 
  in 
  sections 
  it 
  will 
  be 
  seen, 
  

   that 
  several 
  of 
  these 
  stand 
  quite 
  isolated, 
  and 
  are 
  difficult 
  

   to 
  combine 
  with 
  the 
  others, 
  for 
  instance 
  C. 
  aperta, 
  G. 
  

   nesophila, 
  G. 
  glaueescens 
  etc. 
  On 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  some 
  

   very 
  natural 
  groups 
  are 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  Salines, 
  the 
  

   Cryptocarpce, 
  the 
  Limosce 
  etc. 
  According 
  to 
  the 
  struc- 
  

   ture 
  of 
  utriculus, 
  the 
  number 
  of 
  stigmata, 
  and 
  partly 
  also 
  

   the 
  composition 
  of 
  the 
  inflorescence, 
  the 
  distribution 
  of 
  

   the 
  sexes 
  etc., 
  the 
  grex 
  may 
  be 
  outlined 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  A. 
  Stigmata 
  two. 
  

  

  a. 
  Terminal 
  spike 
  staminate, 
  the 
  lateral 
  pistillate 
  or 
  andro- 
  

   gynous. 
  

  

  1. 
  Saline 
  Fr. 
  : 
  C. 
  subspatliacea. 
  Wormskj., 
  reducta 
  

   Drej., 
  salina 
  Wahlenb., 
  halophila 
  Nyl. 
  

  

  2., 
  Cryptocarpce 
  nob.: 
  C. 
  cryptocarpa 
  C. 
  A. 
  Mey., 
  

   capillipes 
  Drej., 
  Lyngbyei 
  Hornem., 
  hcematolepis 
  

   Drej., 
  cryptochlcena 
  nob. 
  

  

  3. 
  Crinita 
  nob. 
  : 
  C. 
  crinita 
  Lam., 
  gynandra 
  Schw., 
  

   maritima 
  0. 
  F. 
  Muell. 
  

  

  