﻿432 
  T. 
  Holm 
  — 
  Studies 
  in 
  the 
  Cyperacece. 
  

  

  natives 
  of 
  the 
  Atlantic 
  States, 
  but 
  one 
  of 
  these, 
  C. 
  mari- 
  

   tima, 
  occurs 
  also 
  in 
  Scandinavia; 
  the 
  Macro 
  chcettB 
  and 
  

   Nesophilce 
  are 
  from 
  the 
  northern 
  coasts 
  of 
  the 
  Pacific, 
  

   especially 
  Alaska 
  with 
  adjacent 
  islands. 
  With 
  excep- 
  

   tion 
  of 
  C. 
  littoralis 
  the 
  Limosce 
  are 
  decidedly 
  boreal 
  

   types, 
  and 
  C. 
  rariflora 
  is 
  circumpolar. 
  While 
  the 
  Pha- 
  

   cotce 
  are 
  indigenous 
  to 
  the 
  Himalayas, 
  and 
  some 
  to 
  

   Japan, 
  we 
  have 
  seen 
  that 
  the 
  Ternarice 
  are 
  extremely 
  

   scattered 
  from 
  Korea 
  to 
  Ceylon, 
  and 
  farther 
  south 
  to 
  

   New 
  Zealand 
  and 
  the 
  Straits 
  of 
  Magellan. 
  Therefore 
  it 
  

   seems 
  very 
  natural 
  that 
  the 
  grex 
  has 
  produced 
  quite 
  a 
  

   series 
  of 
  types 
  of 
  strikingly 
  well 
  marked 
  characteristics, 
  

   when 
  we 
  consider 
  the 
  extremely 
  wide 
  geographic 
  range 
  

   from 
  north 
  to 
  south 
  with 
  the 
  corresponding 
  variation 
  of 
  

   climatalogic 
  conditions. 
  

  

  In 
  order 
  to 
  demonstrate 
  the 
  characteristics 
  of 
  the 
  

   various 
  sections 
  enumerated 
  above, 
  we 
  shall 
  discuss 
  these 
  

   in 
  the 
  order 
  mentioned, 
  and 
  the 
  Salince 
  will 
  thus 
  be 
  the 
  

   first 
  ones 
  to 
  be 
  treated. 
  In 
  subsequent 
  papers 
  it 
  is 
  our 
  

   intention 
  to 
  continue 
  these 
  descriptive 
  notes, 
  which 
  we 
  

   hope 
  will 
  be 
  of 
  some 
  interest 
  to 
  students 
  of 
  Carto- 
  

   graphy. 
  

  

  Salix^e 
  Fr. 
  

   Car 
  ex 
  salina 
  Wahlenb. 
  

  

  In 
  describing 
  C. 
  salina 
  Wahlenberg 
  2 
  distinguished 
  two 
  

   well 
  marked 
  varieties 
  : 
  a 
  cuspidata, 
  and 
  p 
  mutiea, 
  the 
  

   former 
  resembling 
  C. 
  maritima 
  0. 
  F. 
  Muell., 
  the 
  latter 
  

   C. 
  aquatilis 
  Wahlenb. 
  By 
  some 
  subsequent 
  authors 
  cus- 
  

   pidata 
  has 
  been 
  accepted 
  as 
  representing 
  a 
  subspecies 
  of 
  

   salina 
  comprising 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  varieties 
  with 
  the 
  squamae 
  

   more 
  or 
  less 
  mucronate, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  leaves 
  flat 
  ; 
  with 
  

   respect 
  to 
  mutiea, 
  this 
  has 
  also 
  been 
  treated 
  as 
  a 
  subspe- 
  

   cies 
  of 
  salina, 
  consisting 
  of 
  a 
  small 
  number 
  of 
  varieties 
  

   with 
  the 
  squamae 
  muticous, 
  and 
  with 
  the 
  leaves 
  involute 
  ; 
  

   of 
  these 
  the 
  latter 
  (mutiea) 
  is 
  mainly 
  arctic, 
  the 
  former, 
  

   on 
  the 
  other 
  hand 
  is 
  distributed 
  farther 
  south, 
  the 
  west- 
  

   ern 
  coast 
  of 
  Scandinavia, 
  Finland, 
  Scotland, 
  etc. 
  Alm- 
  

   quist 
  3 
  has 
  contributed 
  an 
  interesting 
  classification 
  of 
  

   these 
  various 
  plants, 
  but 
  he 
  includes 
  C. 
  hcematolepis 
  

  

  2 
  Wahlenberg, 
  G. 
  : 
  Flora 
  Lapponica, 
  p. 
  246. 
  Berlin, 
  1812. 
  

  

  3 
  Almquist, 
  S. 
  : 
  Om 
  formerna 
  af 
  Carex 
  salina 
  Wg. 
  (Bot. 
  Notiser 
  for 
  

   1891, 
  p. 
  125, 
  Lund, 
  1891.) 
  See 
  also: 
  Hartman, 
  C. 
  I.: 
  Skandinaviens 
  

   Flora, 
  11th 
  ed., 
  p. 
  465. 
  Stockholm, 
  1879. 
  

  

  