Artiodactyla — Pigs, etc. 



45 



Family Suide (Pigs). — The Pigs comprise many examples 

 of the Wild-boar from Walthanistow and Grays, Essex; the 

 Bed Crag of Suffolk; from the peat of Limerick, Ireland; from 

 Oreston near Plymouth. Other more ancient species are 

 derived from Tuscany, from Pikermi in Greece, and Eppelsheim 

 in Hessen-Darmstadt. Several species, as Sus hysudricus, Sus 

 giganteus, &c, are from India ; and the remains of the Peccary 

 (Dicotyles) from the Caves of Brazil. 



Other nearly related genera represented in the collection are 

 the Hyotherium from the Miocene of Elgg (Zurich), Switzerland; 

 from St. Gerand-le-Puy. Sauvetat, Caylux, and other localities 

 in France. The Hippohyus from the Siwalik Hills, India; and 

 the JPhacochcerus (or " Wart-hog ") from the Pleistocene deposits 

 of South Africa. 



The Listriodon is another allied genus, but possessing true 

 molars bearing transverse ridges. a Its remains have been found 

 in the Middle Miocene at LTle-en-Dodon, Simorre, and 

 Sansan in France ; and in the Siwaliks of the Punjab, India. 



The non-ruminants are connected with the true ruminants 

 by a gradual transition through many early and extinct forms, 

 characterized by having incisor teeth in the upper jaw, the 

 more or less crescentic form of the cusps of the true molars, by 

 the ulna and radius forming two perfect and distinct bones, and 

 by the third and fourth metapodials not being united by 

 ankylosis. (See Fig. 49, p. 41.) 



Whether some of these extinct genera " ruminated " is 

 doubtful ; that many did may be assumed as certain from the 

 more crescentic structure of the upper molar teeth. 



Wild-boars. 



Pier-case, 

 No. 13. 



Table-case, 

 No. 7. 



Hyothe- 

 rium. 



Hippohyus. 



Listriodon. 



Fig. 54a. — The third right upper Fig. 54b. — First and second left upper 



true molar of Hyopotamus true molars of Bi/opotamus por- 



i/tus (Owen). cinus (P. Gervais). 



From the Hempstead Beds, TJ. Eocene, Isle of Wight (both nat. size). 



The most Porcine of the group are the genera Elotherium 

 and Chceropota/nms, each possessing the typical number of teeth, 

 viz., forty-four. The Elotherium was a large animal from the 

 Lower Miocene of Ronzon, near Puy-en-Velay, France. Its 

 remains have also been found in the Hempstead beds of the Isle 



Elotherium- 

 Chceropota- 



mus. 



