Artiodactyla — Camels, Llamas, etc. 49 



Family Tragulid^: (Clievrotains) . —The extinct fossil genera, t ragulidse 

 Prodremotherium and Bachitherium, from the Upper Eocene of Dorcathe- 

 C ay lux, and Hyomoschus ( = Dorcatlierium) from Eppelsheimin rium > &c - 

 Hessen-Darmstadt, Sansan in France, and the Siwalik Hills in Table-case, 

 India, are probably early ancestors of the Tragulidce, or " Cliev- 

 rotains." the smallest of existing ruminants, not exceeding the 

 hare in size ; the fossil forms were, however, considerably larger. 

 The teeth of a species of Chevrotain (Tragulus sivalensis) occnrin 



No. 8. 



No. 13. 



Fig. 59. — Reduced side-view of skull of living Chevrotain, Tragulus javunicus (Pallas). 



the Siwaliks of the Bramaputra Valley, India. The nearly entire 

 skull with the mandible of Dorcatherium (exhibited in Table- 

 case No. 8), is the type-specimen, first described and figured by 

 Pr. Kaup.* All the teeth are preserved, the canines are long and 

 trenchant, and there are four premolars in the lower jaw, but in 

 the recent Clievrotains (Tragulus) there are only three. 



TYLOPODAf (Camelidse) . — The camels and llamas form a some- Camels, 

 what aberrant group of Artiodactyles as regards their general l^e^case, 

 form and in their dentition. In the typical ruminants there 

 are no incisor teeth in the upper jaw, but the camel has two, 

 in addition to twelve molars. The extremities only of the two 

 toes which form the foot are free, and are each terminated by 

 a short somewhat curved nail (see Fig. 49, C. p. 41). 



The fossil remains of the camel are so closely related to the Llamas, 

 living species that they cannot readily be distinguished from 

 them. They are found in the Siwalik Hills, India. Ancestral 

 forms of Auclienia, the living South American llamas and 

 alpacas (Palauchenia, Owen) have also been met with in a fossil p a iauche- 

 state in Mexico, Brazil, and Buenos Ayres. nia. 



The group is an ancient one, and appears to have arisen m 

 N. America, where the remains of several primitive Camels 

 such as Protolabis, Poebrotherium, Procamelus, are found in 

 Tertiary deposits. 



* OssemeH3 Fossiles. Darmstadt, pt. 5, pi. xxiii. A. 

 t Pad-footed animals. 

 (1876) e 



