Proboscidea — Indian and, African Elephants. 



15 



a thick pad. of skin. and. in this the five toes are enclosed and Elephants, 

 concealed in the living animal, bnt the nails of the toes can pier-cases 

 generally be seen.* Nos. 29 to 



Only two living species of elephants are known ; one, the 86- 

 Asiatic elephant, confined to the forests of India, Ceylon, 

 Burrnah, Siani. Cochin-China, the Malay Peninsula, and 

 Sumatra ; the other, the African elephant, peculiar to the 

 continent of Africa. These are well-marked species, not only 

 by their external characters, bnt also by their grinding teeth 

 (see Fio-s. 15 and 16). 



Fig. IT. — Vertical longitudinal section of second upper true molar of fflephas planifrons 

 (Falc. and Cautl.) ; i natural size : from the Pliocene of the Siwalik Hills, India. To 

 illustrate the structure of the molar teeth in the Proboscidea. 



(?, cement. h, enamel. c, deniine. . 



Fig. 18. — View of the grinding-surface of the third leit upper true molar of the "Mam- 

 moth," ElepJtas primigenius (Blum.) : | natural size. Dredged off the Dogger Bank, 

 North Sea. 



A skeleton of the modern Indian elephant is placed in the 

 middle of the Geological Gallery, and skulls and teeth of the 



* The external hard skin covering the feet in the fossil Mammoth can 

 still he seen in the specimen discovered, by Pallas in 1799, on the banks of 

 the P. Lena in Siberia, preserved in the Museum of the Academy of Sciences 

 at St. Petersburg. (See woodcut, Fig. 32, p. 23.) 



