138 FISH GALLERY. 



Anabas in its ability to survive long drought. It has an accessory 

 suprabranchial cavity for aerial respiration, but the cavity is not 

 filled up by a scroll-like labyrinthic organ as it is in the Climbing 

 Perch. The Snake-head differs from Anabas also in having 

 cycloid instead of ctenoid scales, and in having no spines to the 

 fins. It has been naturalised in western North America, where 

 it is known as the China-fish, the parental forms having been 

 introduced from China. 



Gadifokmes (Cod-fishes, &c). 



(jadi- Included in the suborder Gadiformes are the Cod and its allies, 



tormes. . . 



Wall- and the Macrurid fishes. The pelvic fins, if present, are set far 



case 11. forward, either below or in front of the pectorals. There are no 

 spinous fin-rays in any of the fins (except the first dorsal fin- ray of 

 some Macrurid fishes). The tail-fin is symmetrical, the vertebral 

 axis is not uptilted. The parietal bones are reduced and are 

 separated by the supraoccipital ; the pro-otic and exoccipital bones 

 are separated by the opisthotic, which is large. 



Macrurus. The Macruridae (e. g. Macrurus, 472, and fig. 64), called in 

 America Rat-tails or Grenadiers, are entirely confined to the deeper 



Fig. 64. — A Deep-sea Fish, Macrurus parallelus. 



parts (120 to 2600 fathoms) of the great oceans, and are common 

 in the North Atlantic and Pacific. There are two dorsal fins, the 

 first short-based, the second of great horizontal extent. The anal 

 fin is also extensive, and, like the second dorsal, reaches to the 

 hind extremity of the body, which tapers off to a filament. The 

 scales are usually rough and spinous. The eyes are large, the 

 mouth is small, and there is usually a single barbel on the chin. 

 The pelvic fins are situated below the pectorals and have 

 7 to 12 rays. In some of the genera, such as Macrurus, the 

 mouth is inferior and the snout conical and prominent and 



