FOREST AND STREAM. 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 

 Devoted to Field andAquatic Sports, Practical Natural History, 

 Fish Culture, the Protection of Game, Presrvatiok of Forests 

 and the Inculcation in Men and Women of a healthy interest 

 in Out-door Eecreatton and Study : 



PUBLISHED BY 



S^est mid gtremtf §iMwhing dgompxtig, 



103 FULTON STliEE'A NEW YORK. 



Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly inftAdvanee. 



4 



A discount of twenty per cent, for five copies and upwards. Any person 

 sending us two subscriptions and Ten Dollars will receive a copy of 

 Hall ock' s "Fishino Tourist,' 1 postage free. 



Advertising Kates. 



In regular advertising columns, nonpareil type, 12lines to the inch, 25 

 cents per line. Advertisements on outside page, 40 cents per line. Reading 

 notices, 50 cents per line. Advertisements in double column 25 per cent. 

 extra. Where advertisements are inserted over 1 month, a discount of 

 10 per cent, will be made; over. three months, 20 per cent; oVei six 

 months, 30 per cent, 



NEW TOKK, THURSDAY, AUG. 28, 1873. 



To Correspondents. 



+ 



AH communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 

 correspondence, mufit be addressed to The Forest and Stream Pub- 

 lishing Companv. Personal letters only, to the Manager. 



All communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 

 real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 

 objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 



Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 



We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 



Ladies are especially invited to use our columns, which will be pre- 

 pared with careful reference to their perusal and instruction. 



Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 

 notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 

 to become a medium of useful and reliable information between gentle- 

 men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other ; and they will 

 find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 



The Publishers of Forest and Stream aim to merit and secure the 

 patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re- 

 fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 

 Is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 

 the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 

 «end to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise- 

 ment or business notice of an immoral character will be received on any 

 terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department of the paper that 

 may not be read with propriety in the home circle. 



We cannot be responsible for the dereliction of the mail service, if 

 money remitted to us is lost. 



Advertisements should be sent in by Saturday of each week, if possible. 



CHARLES HAL-LOCK, 



Managing Editor. 



Calendar of Events for the Current Week. 



* 



Friday, Augunt B9tb.— Scottish games. Myrtle avenue, Brooklyn — 

 Pleasure Grounds Association. MiddletOWH, New York.— Driving Park 

 Association. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.- -Hydie Park, Williamsport. Penn- 

 sylvania,- Friendship Association, Pittsluug, Pennsylvania.- -Carl Park 

 Association. Carville, Illinois. 



Saturday. A list 30th.— Amateur boat clubs, foot of 133d street and 

 Fast River.— Hy^c Park Association, Williamsport, Pennsylvania. 



TtTESDAT, September 2d.— Goshen Park Association, Goshen, Orange 

 rountv, New York.— Macomb Association, Illinois. 



Wednesday, September BcL- -Rowing of Triton and Passaic Clubs, 

 Newark. New Jersey.— Washington Park Association, Washington coun- 

 ty New York.— Toronto Regattn. Dominion of Canada. — Macomb Asso- 

 ciation, Macomb, Illinois.— Gostten Park Association, Goshen, Orange 

 county, New York. 



Thursday, September 4th.— Toronto Regal ta. Dominion of Canada.— 

 Macomb Association, Macomb, Illinois.— (Jo- iv-u Park Association. 

 Goshen, Grange county, New York.— Washim/ton Park Association, 

 Washington county, New York.— Caledonian Club Athletic Pastimes, 



.(ones" Wood. _^^^_^__^^__^_________________ 



THE DOOM OF THE MODOCS. 



The President and Secretary of War have decreed the 

 hanging of the Modoc "braves," and Captain Jack, 

 Schonchin, Black Jim, Boston Charlie, One-eyed Jim, and 

 Sloluck must swing. Old Slow-luck's fate is none too 

 quick for him. 



Sing : — 



Lo ! the poor Indian, with untutored mind, 

 His hair unkempt and trowsers out behind. 

 Streaks the broad prairie like a shooting star, 

 With fell intent and devil-bent for ha'r ! 

 No cares of State perplex his swarthy breast ; 

 He rangeth from the eastward to the West- 

 Starts a mule train in a blaze of glory. 

 And leaves not one to tell the story. 

 Swing up the "brave," the bloody Modoc brave ! 

 The path of glory leads but to the grave. 

 If Jack must die he might as we'll die now ; 

 So swing him up— "hough-ough-wow-wnw-wov. -how ! M 

 ! -*♦«*- 



Receipt for Hanging Obbself.— To reduce hanging to 

 a system, at least by logarithms, multiplying the cube root 

 of the man, by the length of the rope, is attracting the at- 

 tention of those familiar with aminal mechanics. Should a 

 person wish to commit suicide by suspension, the following 

 rules must be observed. First weigh yourself, then divide 

 your weight in pounds by the arbitrary numbers 2,240, and 

 the quotient will be the length of rope in feet, you should 

 use. The Rev. S. Haughton, an English clergyman, is the 

 author and discoverer of this most invaluable receipt. In 

 future we trust that persons wishing to hang themselves, 

 will make no half-way work of it. 



HAS THE SALMON EVER FREQUENTED 

 J THE HUDSON RIVER? 



IT has often been asserted that in the early days of the 

 settlement of New Amsterdam and for many years after 

 it, salmon were found in the Hudson river. This state- 

 ment, when carefully followed up is found not to rest on 

 a basis of fact. No one has with his own eyes seen this fish 

 taken from the river, and although we have heard the story 

 of the angler who every year took a few salmon With a rod 

 and fly, we never, after diligent investigation could ascertain 

 that this was a positive fact. Perhaps the angler was a cousin 

 of the Flying Dutchman, and bad been condemned to fish 

 for salmon in the North river, for reasons similar to those 

 which detained his blasphemous relative in the seas near 

 the Cape of Good Hope. At any rate the attempt to catch 

 salmon in the North river now, would have to be underta- 

 ken by a dumb Quaker, in order to avoid the Dutchman's 

 fate. 



We find, however, after sifting all that has been said, 

 that the angler was Henry Hudson himself, almost every 

 so-called authority disclaiming any personal knowledge 

 concerning the matter, and referring to Hudson's journal 

 for the proof of it. Now what does Hudson say? His 

 log-book or ship's journal kept during his voyage to our 

 coast in 1609, was not entirely in his own hand, but was 

 mostly penned by Robert Juet or Jewett, his mate, who 

 on the voyage to the great inland gulf named after Hud- 

 son, its discoverer, in the year 1610, mutinied against Ids 

 commander, and abandoned him to his fate in an open 

 boat. This journal was first printed by Purchas in 1625, 

 and has often been copied since. We shall now T quote 

 the words of the journal from Purchas himself. 



"September 4th, 1609, (Hudson anchored just inside of 

 the point of Sandy Hook). ' ' Then our Boat went on Land 

 with our Net to Fish, and caught ten great Mul ets of a 

 foot and a half e long apiece, and a Ray as great as f oure men 

 could hale into the ship." 



September 14th, (among the Highlands about West 

 Point). ' ' The River is full of fish. " 



September 15th, (about Newburgh). " Great store of 

 Salmon in the River. 51 — " Our Boat went to fish and caught 

 great store of very good fish." 



September 27th, (about Tivoli (?) on Ids way down.) 

 "The) Tooke four, rive and twentie Mullets, Breaines, 

 Bases, andBarbils; and returned in an houre." 



These notices are the only ones which refer to i he cap- 

 ture of fish in the North river, in the journal. It will be 

 noticed that in speaking of salmon, it is not said that 

 any were caught. However, if salmon were found here 

 then, is it at all likely that any would be seen or noticed 

 in the month of September? By that time they would 

 have left the river. There could not have been many left 

 in it so late in the season. 



Then again how could he prove that salmon were plenty 

 in the river unless he caught some or saw the Indians 

 spear them? This fish will not take a baited hook such as 

 they used, and no mention is made of their being netted or 

 speared. It is probable that large trout, brought to him 

 by the Indians were called by the sailors salmon, or that 

 weak fish (otoUkcs regalis) were mistaken for salmon. 



The general way in which the declaration "great store 

 of Salmon in the River;" is made, is no doubt a Wild guess, 

 considering the improbabilty of these fish having been 

 seen in September. Perhaps some dried or smoked fish 

 prepared by the natives were mistaken for salmon. We 

 accept the vague .statement in Hudson's journal, therefore, 

 as sufficient evidence to the point in question, and must 

 look to more certain and better testimony before we can 

 believe that salmon once frequented the North river. Why 

 the salmon should have been, and is now again at home in 

 the Connecticut but a few miles east of the Hudson, is not 

 easy to answer. The Hudson, for some hundred and fifty 

 miles from its outlet to the sea, is not attractive to the sal- 

 mon, as it is salt for half that distance and has a tidal flow- 

 each way, nearly to the same point. Besides these ob- 

 jectional features in the eyes of a salmon, the waters of 

 the lower Hudson are muddy, and were probably always 

 so, owing to the quantity of clay which is washed into it 

 from the clay formation that forms its bed about Albany. 

 Its affluents below Albany, for one hunrded and fifty 

 miles, are too small for salmon streams, though the upper 

 Hudson and Mohawk seem in every way fitted to tempt 

 this fish to frequent their cleaner and more rapid waters. 



Perhaps if the salmon proper cannot be made to thrive 

 here, an attempt to domesticate the Land locked salmon (Ulti- 

 mo Gloveri) in it would be successful. We throw out the hint 

 for what it is worth and leave the matter to the judg- 

 ment of our Commissioners of Fisheries. -■ 



*The great Mullets were probably Drum fish— the Pogordw chrvmis; the 



f-eat Ray— the Trygon hadala; the Breames— Pomotis appendix; the 

 to&MS—Percaflavescem, The Barbells could not have been Chub, which 

 rarely take the hook, but were doubtless cat Ssh— A riopdn milberti. 



Colonel T. B. Thorpe says that when he was a boy, 1830, old men lived 

 in Saratoga county who often told him they caught salmon in the river 

 between Schaghticoke and the falls above, in the Hudson. 



We are only too glad to place the well known German- 

 town fehgr'a/pfh among our many valuable exchanges. We 

 know of no paper in the United States, which can be more 

 useful to us. In it ^\ r e can always find material of precisely 

 the character, which will be appreciated by that portion 

 of the intelligent public who wish to learn of local sport- 

 ing matters within the State of Pennsylvania. 

 -+•*- ■ — 



English fishermen are trying to find the man wdto intro- 

 duced pike into the Scotch lakes, and threaten if they can 

 find him to feed him to this piratical fish. The pike are 

 devouring all the other fish. 



DEPRAVITY IN HORSES. 



Rev. Dr. Deems, the well known and esteemed pastor of 

 the "Church of the Stranger," takes friendly issue with 

 the editor of this paper upon his general assertion that the 

 noble nature and disposition of the horse do not become con 

 laminated by the moral atmosphere of the stable and trotting 

 course. We print his genial letter under the department 

 appropriated to horse matters. 



Dr. Deems disclaims being a sportsman in any sense of the. 

 word ; but w r e nevertheless shall enroll his name upon the 

 list of true lovers of legitimate field sports, for every syllable 

 he utters is in sympathy and accord wdth Nature and her at- 

 tractive charms. The same vein of philanthropy that induces 

 him to labor assiduously for the temporal and spiritual wel- 

 fare of mankind, crops out in his manifest and avowed re- 

 gard for the horse. He has always esteemed this noblest of 

 animals from his youth up, and we reverence his affection. 

 From the earliest Biblical times the horse has been the 

 theme of both profane and sacred writers. The poets 

 idealized him, the ancients deified him, and Job has re- 

 corded his attributes and graces in the sublimest language 

 that inspiration ever gave to man to use. The earnest ad- 

 mirer of the horse is as ardent in his devotion as the veriest 

 lover of woman. He will go as far in his fondling and 

 caresses. He will kiss its beautiful face, and gaze with over- 

 weening affection into its deep, liquid eyes. Aye, more; like 

 Leo Hudson, the great equestrienne,, he will die for love of 

 the horse that died. Who will gainsay this? There are 

 gentlemen, technically termed sportsmen, and recognized 

 as such professionally, who think and talk nothing but 

 "horse." Their minds are constantly filled and overflow 

 ing with the theme, just as the stock and gold brokers' 

 minds are absorbed with stocks. Their study is in the 

 stable and in the paddock; their literature is in their stud- 

 book; they meet in cliques and knots to discuss the points 

 and strains of horses, and resort to the race-course to sec 

 them illustrated in beauty, speed and action. This is their 

 only ostensible business, and they are not, many of them, 

 what may be called sporting men in the vulgar meaning of 

 the word. 



Why this supreme love of the horse, we ask? Is it not 

 because of the higher order of intelligence which the horse 

 possesses, and which these gentlemen learn to appreciate by 

 constant study. And is not this higher intellect exhibited 

 in the saw-dust arena, in the chase, and in domestic life by 

 a thousand different traits which form the theme of anec- 

 dotes innumerable? And is it not the horse's perceptive 

 faculties and his inborn nobility that, in spite of beatings and 

 ill treatment, and bad grooms' display of temper, and inju- 

 dicious management, and coarse associations, still keep 

 him noble? The dog, whose intelligence makes him the 

 chosen and constant companion of man, can be wholly de- 

 moralized by the bad habits and cruelties of his master, 

 but the horse plods on, cowed, perhaps, but still patient 

 and enduring and heroic, and with a change of owners soon 

 recovers his old spirits and old enthusiasm, and shows the 

 "mettle of his breeding," Less than man is the horse 

 " known by the company he keeps.' Of course it cannot 

 be denied that some horses are made vicious and become 

 contaminated and depraved by evil associations. Even 

 angels in heaven have fallen. By this concession our gen- 

 eral assertion yields to a qualification. But a " Cruiser " can 

 be reformed, while the angels are past redemption. Much 

 of the horse's character and susceptibility depends upon 

 his blood and lineage. It is just so wdth men. The lower 

 races are the most easily demoralized, because they are 

 lower orders of being. The whole subject is open to friendly 

 argument and worthy of consideration ■ for practical wisdom 

 may be gained froria investigating how far the horse can 

 become depraved by contact with bad men. We cannot 

 say that we have fully met the reverend doctor's objections 

 in this article. Were we to enter the lists with him properly 

 mounted, we should undoubtedly select a charger that had 

 not been exposed to the moral atmosphere of the graining 

 stable. 



HARDENED BALLS. 



HARDENED balls for the rifle, made of compounds of 

 lead and tin, or of lead and pewter, have been but 

 little used in the United States. Quick as we are to adopt 

 improvements of every kind, till reasons for our want of 

 familiarity wdth hardened projectiles, may be readily explain- 

 ed. In the United States, save for the grizzly bear and 

 moose, he would have found little use for them. The Eng- 

 lish sportsman, however, with his wdde hunting range, has 

 used the hardened ball for the last thirty years, in his com- 

 bats with the elephant, the rhinoceros, the hippopotamus, 

 the lion, tiger, and buffalo. 



The composition generally used to make a hard ball, is 

 one half tin to four of lead. Some authorities state that a 

 fractional portion of anitmony is useful, but we should 

 think, that any projectile similar in composition to type 

 metal would be too brittle. Quite a leading writer, on this 

 subject, states that balls will harden by dropping them 

 whilst hot in fat, buffalo-tallow being preferred, but w r e re- 

 gard this as empirical, and resting on no sound chemical or 

 physical basis. Discarding entirely balls made of one ho- 

 mogeneous substance, some English elephant-hunters have 

 used projectiles of lead with a steel point, but these have 

 fallen into disuse from the want of accuracy in their flight. 



The use of hardened balls, and the advantages to be de- 

 rived from them, is a much more complex subject than 

 would seem apparent at first sight, A prominent English . 



