FOREST AND STREAM. 



71 



good reason that the famous Qaritm, or salt fish sauce of 

 the ancients, was this preparation. . 



Rondehet the Ichthyologist, prepared garum by macerating 

 anchovies in oil and vinegar, spiced and seasoned, with 

 chopped parsley added, over a slow fire. 



The great Dictionnaire des Peches, recently published, adds 

 nothing to the facts we have gleaned and put together, but 

 the subject may be again noticed in these columns, as the 

 anchovy abounds on our coasts, and their capture may be 

 undertaken as a remunerative industry. 



J. Carson Beevoort. 



COLLECTIVE INSECTS. 



THE writer oi one of the books on Indian sport relates 

 how lie saw a herd of antelopes driven backwards 

 and forwards by four wolves, which surrounded the herd, 

 each guarding a different side, until at length the antelopes 

 passed over a ditch in which a fifth wolf lay concealed. 

 This wolf, jumping up as the antelopes crossed, secured 

 one of them, upon which his four companions joined him, 

 and assisted in making a meal of the captured animal. 



A friend in India told me that he witnessed a very similar 

 occurrence in Ouda. He saw two w r olves standing together, 

 and shortly after noticing them was surprised to see one of 

 them lie clown in a ditch, and the other walk away over the 

 Open plain. He watched the latter, which deliberately went, 

 t o ! lie far side of a, herd of antelopes standing in the plain, and 

 drove them, as a sheep dog would a flock of sheep, to the 

 very spot where his companion lay in ambush. As the an- 

 telopes crossed the ditch, the concealed wolf jumped up, as 

 .in the former case, seized a doc, and was joined by his col- 

 ic ague. 



I have noticed some similar instances of collective action 

 on the part of other animals which I believe to be as much 

 inherited as the habitual actions of individual animals. I 

 have constantly seen a flock of pelicans when on the feed 

 form a line across a lake, and drive the fish before them up 

 its whole length, just as fishermen would with a net. The 

 capture of the fish is rendered doubly easy by this method. 

 I have witnessed exactly a similar plan pursued by a large 

 number of Ganges crocodiles which had been lying or swim- 

 ming about all day in front of my tent, at the mouth of a 

 small stream which led from some large inland lakes to the 

 Ganges. Towards dusk, at the same moment, every one of 

 them left the bank on which they were lying, or the deep 

 water in which they were swimming, and formed line across 

 the stream, which was about twenty yards wide. They 

 had to form a double line, as there was* not room for all in 

 a single line. They then swam slowly up the shallow 

 stream, driving the fish before them, and I saw two or three 

 fish caught before they disappeared. -^-E. C. Buck, in Nature. 



A BATTLE IN THE AIR. 



THERE was a terrific battle between tw.O large brown 

 eagles in the vicinity of the lakes above Virginia on 

 Wednesday evening. When first seen the birds were soar- 

 ing, one above the other, at an altitude of perhaps three- 

 fourths of a mile, and seemed on a sail for pleasure. Pres- 

 ently the uppermost bird, closing its broad wings, shot 

 downward like a meteor for two or three hundred feet, and 

 with a wild, piercing scream lit fairly upon the back of the 

 other lurd. Turning with the rapidity of lightning the vic- 

 tim clutched its adversary with talons and beak, and a 

 fierce struggle ensued. The savage yells, the striking of 

 huge wings, and showers of falling feathers gave unmis- 

 takable evidence of the ferocity with which the contest 

 was waged. 



As they fought they fell earthward, and within five hun- 

 dred feet of the ground they became disentangled, and each 

 swooped upward again. Now followed an interesting trial 

 as to which should first gain a suificient altitude to make 

 another plunge. The circling of the smaller bird was rapid 

 and close, while that of his antagonist was made with 

 greater limits, and his ascension was quickest accom- 

 plished. The largest eagle was fully one-half mile high, 

 and some hundreds of feet above his victim. Hovering in 

 mid-air for a moment, as if making sure of his aim, he 

 again darted with a force that seemed sufficient to kill of 

 itself. Again they grappled and fought like winged dem- 

 ons—whirling, falling, and striking furiously for two or 

 three minutes. They were now near the largest of the 

 lakes, and gradually descending to the water. The strug- 

 gles of the'smaller "became less and less fierce; he was get- 

 ting weak, and was evidently nearly vanquished, while his 

 more powerful enemy seemed to wage the battle with in- 

 creased vigor. 



Another moment and the conquering monarch loosed his 

 hold, and with an exultant shout of victory soared upward. 

 The battle was ended; his prisoner, limp and lifeless, fell 

 into the waters of the lake with a splash, and floated on the 

 .surface without a struggle. — Virginw City Montaman. 



A Clever Pigeon.— A correspondent of "Nature " writes 

 as follows : 



Having occasion to wait for my pony to be harnessed at 

 an inn a' few years since, my attention was directed by a 

 gentleman (a resident pf the neighborhood) with whom I 

 was acquainted, to the strange conduct of a pigeon. 



A number of them were feeding on a few oats that had 

 been accidently let fall while fixing the nose-bag on a horse 

 standing at ball. Having finished all the grain at hand, a 

 large '* Pouter" rose, and flapping its wings furiously, flew 

 directly at the horse's eyes, causing that animal to toss his 

 head, and in doing so, of course shake out more corn. I 

 saw this several times repeated; in fact, whenever the supply 

 had been exhausted. 



I leave it to your readers to consider the train of thought 

 that must have" passed through the pigeon's brain before it 

 adopted the clever method above narrated, of stealing the 

 horse's provender. 



-^♦♦» 



The Middleiown Mermvtf tfeTts the following: A gentle- 

 man who took a ride last Sunday, passed Thompson's Pond. 

 There, he tells us he saw a strange sight. A snake was 

 working its way under a stone in the water, and a few feet 

 nil a pickerel, with open mouth and hungry eye, lay watch- 

 ing the aforesaid snake. When it thought that a propitious 

 moment had come, ii started for the snake and grabbed it 

 by its tail. The snake turned and grabbed the pickerel 

 by the same appendage, and the water foamed in their 

 struggles. The issue was that the snake swallowed the 

 pickerel, and the pickerel swallowed the snake, and peace 

 once more reigned in Grlenmore. 



Prof. Mobius has been studying the food of the herring, 

 and has determined that they feed on a minute crustaceus 

 animal closely allied to the fresh water cyclops. Some idea 

 of the number of these crustacians eaten by the herring, 

 may be gathered from the fact, that in one instance, (it, WOO 

 were found in a herring's stomach. The apparatus, which 

 enables the herring to'feed on these minute creatures, is 

 described by Prof. Mobius as a sort of basket or "lohster- 

 pot," formed by the arches of the gills, each of which is 

 furnished with a close set fringe of teeth, while each of the 

 latter bears two rows of minute spines. The interlacing ol 

 these teeth and spines produces a narrow lattice-work, 

 through which the water can readily pass, while the kittle 

 swimming animals contained in it are left behind in the 

 mouth of the fish and gradually pass down into its stomach. 



Elephantine Foot-stools. — Elephants' feet make capi- 

 tal footstools; -when required for this purpose they should 

 be cut off a few inches below the knee, cleaned and well 

 rubbed inside and out with arsenical soap. They will keep 

 in this state till the sportsman's return to head-quarters, 

 when, if hard, they most be softened in water, and again 

 rubbed with arsenical soap, and kept in the sun filled with 

 fine sand, all shrinking or loss of shape being prevented 

 by ramming the sand daily. When thoroughly hard and 

 dry, which will not be under six weeks, the sand must be 

 removed, and the feet stuffed with coir, the nails being well 

 polished, and the whole varnished. They may then be cover- 

 ed with panther skin, secured round the edge with large 

 headed brass nails, or with velvet or other material, which 

 should be allowed to droop amply round the edges. — -Field. 



Field and Water Spaniels. — The field spaniel is re- 

 markable for the intense love which it bears for hunting 

 game, and the nervous manner in which it carries out the 

 wishes of its master. There are two breeds, the one termed 

 the "Springer" being used among the thick scrub oak and 

 brambles, and the other employed principally on wood 

 cock, and therefore called the "Cocker." Some of these 

 dogs continually give tongue while engaged in pursuit of 

 game, and utter different sounds, according to the descrip- 

 tion of game which they have reached, while others are 

 perfectly mute. Each of these qualities is useful in its 

 way — it should not be too noisy, and the note should be 

 musical. While hunting the spaniel sweeps his well feath- 

 ered tail from side to side, never carrying it as high as the 

 back, and is a very pretty object to any one who has an 

 eye for beauty. A spaniel must possess a thick coat, as it 

 is subject to continual wetting from the drippings of the 

 scrub oaks, &o, through which he has to force his way; he 

 should weigh not less than fourteen pounds, and may with 

 advantage weigh thirty pounds, as do the breed known by 

 the name of "Clumber;" these animals work silently. The 

 Cocker is a much smaller animal; his average weight is 

 about fifteen pounds. He is an active and lively dog, dash- 

 ing about its work with an air of gay pleasure that assists 

 materially in adding to the spirits of his master, and will 

 be found the most useful animal for woodcock in the full. 



The Water Spaniel, in all weathers and in all seasons, 

 is ever ready to take to its almos tnatural element. He is an 

 admirable diver, swift swimmer, and is^ greatly assisted in 

 these arts by the breadth of its paws. Much of these qual- 

 ities in the dog is owing to the abundant supply of natural 

 oil with which his coat is supplied, and which prevents it 

 from really becoming wet. A real water spaniel gives him- 

 self a good shake as soon as he leaves the lake, and is dry 

 in a very short time. This oil, although useful to the dog, 

 gives forth an unpleasant odor, and therefore debars him 

 from becoming an inmate of the house; so much the bet- 

 ter. Some people fancy that the water spaniel possesses 

 web feet, and that his aquatic prowess is due to this forma- 

 tion. Such is not the case. All dogs have their toes con- 

 nected with each other by a strong membrane, and when 

 the foot is wide, and the membrane rather loosely hung, as 

 is the Case with the water spaniel, a large surface is pre- 

 sented to the water. This dog is of moderate size, meas- 

 uring about twenty-two inches in height at the shoulders, 

 middling stout, ears very long, measuring from point to 

 point about the animal's own height. This dog is of the 

 utmost value to the sportsman who is shooting along 

 bayous, creeks, marshy lakes, &c. , after widgeon, teal, and 

 mallard, as he saves many a wet foot and an infinite deal 

 of unpleasant labor, and is without exception the best Water 

 retriever. 



— The Hon. S. L. M. Barlow owns a pair of thorough- 

 bred Scotch deerhounds, male and female. Their sinewy 

 limbs, deep chests, slim muzzles, ' intelligent faces, and 

 kindly dispositions make them ornamental additions to a 

 gentleman's country seat, and assert their claim to lineal 

 descent from the stag hound that lives in poetry as the com- 

 panion of Sir Walter Scott. Being dogs of good educa- 

 tion, as w T ell as blue blood, they seldom leave their master's 

 residence, and treat less favored quadrupeds with lofty 

 contempt. About, a week ago the male, who wags his tail 

 to the name Walter, followed the farm cart to a neighbor's 

 house. A very large and ferocious mastiff possessed prior 

 dog privileges there. Instead of receiving his visitor with 

 becoming hospitality he assaulted him savagely, and in a 

 few minutes injured him so badly that he was carried home 

 in the cart. The mastiff's teeth had inflicted a bad wound 

 in Walter's chest, almost perforating it from side to side. 

 He refused to submit to human surgery, but tried a remedy 

 taught him by instinct. In the moist earth on the border 

 of a fish pond he dug a hole that just fitted his breast. He 

 chose a shady place for his hospital, and never left it, ex- 

 cept for his meals, until he was cured. During the tedious 

 hours of couvalesenee his mate was constantly with him. 

 After five days he considered himself well. Then the pair 

 • went from the house, and going straight to where the mas- 

 tiff lived, without warning or giviag him any other livkg 



show, they set upon him. The fight was short, sharp, and 

 decisive. "Before their victim's owner could render assist- 

 ance they had torn the mastiff limb fi-oin*limb. After see- 

 ing that "their work had been well clone they turned and 

 jogged home. — j*km. *L^ 



—The following recipe, it is alleged by Franklin Dryre, 

 of Galena, Maryland, is a sure cure for hydrophobia, the 

 lives of many bitten persons having been saved by its use: 

 "Elecaimpane is a plant well known to most persons, and 

 is to be found in many of our gardens. Immediately after 

 being bitten take one and a half ounce of the root of the 

 plant— the green root is perhaps preferable, hut the dried 

 will answer, and may be found in our drug stores, and was 

 used bv me — slice, or bruise, rmt. into a Dint of fresh milk, 



fasting, repeat the dose, using two ounces of the root. On 

 the third morning take another dose, prepared as the last, 

 and this will be sufficient. It is recommended that after 

 each dose nothing be eaten for at least six hours. 



—"Fond du Lac" will find our reply to his question under 

 our answers to correspondents. 



%n<wm$ JpJ §ort[e<i]!omhnt$. 



<z& 



[We shall endeavor im ffite department to impart ami hope to receive 

 such information as may beof service to amateur and professional sports- 

 men. 'We will cheerfully answer all reasonable questions that faH within 

 th, scope <>f Hit* paper, designating localities for good hunting, fish- 

 ing, and trapping, and giving advice aiid Instructions as to outfits, im- 

 plements, routes, distances, seasons, expenses, remedies, traits, species, 

 governing rides; etc. All branches' of the spOrtsnian's craft will receive 

 attention.. Anonymous communications not noticed.} 



JESSE— The gray squirrel can be found in almost any of the large woods 

 of Pennsylvania in the neighborhood of Philadelphia and sometimes in 

 abundance. No pinnated. grouse or prairie hens in Pennsylvania except 

 on the Poeotiw Mountains and in one or two of the northwestern counties. 

 The raffed grouse is called pheasant in that State, a much prettier and 

 more proper name. The quail or Virginia partridge can be shot in some 

 counties only. The exterior counties are the best. Pennsylvania sports- 

 men generally go to Delaware and Maryland for quail. 



Lono -JoenNKY, Brooklyn.— For South America, we known of no protec- 

 tion from mildew in tents. Eest thing would be to take some native process. 

 At home we have used linseed oil alone with success, putting on as many 

 as threes coats. We have heard of a preparation of soft soap, and solution 

 of oxide of iron, put on the tents, to be followed by linseed oil, but have 

 no faith in it. 



M iss. K. — Your mocking bird we think can get rid of the pest of vermin 

 by toeans Of a little hag lilted with Hour of sulphur. Encase about two 

 tea spoonsful in a calico bag. and suspend it to the upper perch inside the 

 cage. The bird in jumping from one perch to another, gets sligthly dueted 

 with the Hour of sulphur. Tobacco dust, is likely to be injurious. In 

 the South, the method we have described, we have seen constantly muse. 



Miilax — We know of no one in the United States who could post yon 

 on African sports. In the Field, however, is an advertisement, which 

 might be of avail. Address Kathlamba; post office, Norwich, England. 



-ybtvent Younu'un-.— No remedy for rust when yon shoot by fiae sea 

 shore; remove stains every night. Benzine, is the best thing for cleaning; 

 a pint will last a month. Whilst thegtm is not in use, lubricate with 

 mercurial ointment. 



GnoKerBus.— Lord Lurgan's celebrity as to dogs arises from the fact 

 of his having tired the famous grey hound, Master McGrath, though he 

 has a very good breed of setters. Mr. Raymond of Morristown, N. J, has 

 the choicest, breed of red trish setters m the country, at least such is our 

 opinion. 



Text, Baltimore.— The Clumber is a silent dog while ranging. See this 

 week's article. Do not know of any in this country. Is the largest of 

 field spaniels, and does not take the water. Think he would be useless 

 for ducks. The true breed of field spaniels are cocker, springer aud 

 Clumber. The latter dog will weigh forty pounds. 



L. S. Philadelphia.— Clean brass and steel cartridges, as you would the 

 gun. We like nickel silver cartridges, but they are a trifle heavy; they never 

 split, which is an immense advantage. Have fired them with seven 

 drachm charges and two ounces of explosive bullets without damage to 

 them. 



Rose Bun.— -C round quassia wood isexcellent for rose bushes, currants 

 etc. Take about five pounds, sew it in a coarse bag, put this in a barrel 

 of cold water, let it steep a few days, then syringe the foliage early 

 in the season, every four days thoroughly for about a month. It im- 

 proves the foliage, and keeps all insects away. 



John.— Persian insect powder is a very useful article. No sportsman 

 should go off on a tramp without it. If you have any fear of insects being 

 in the sleeping car, nr beds, use it liberally between the sheets and bed- 

 ding, We have proved it; thoroughly both North and South. It will 

 keep fleas from dogs, or drive roaches and ants away from closets It nn 

 pears stifling to insects of all kinds, but is not poisonous to animals 

 It must be fresh, and kept from the air to retain its strength, and be of 

 service. Always carry it in bottles. 



,1". B. L. Fort Smith.— All well authenticated snake stories, we should 

 be glad to publish, when the characteristics of the snake, and the methods 

 employed to cure the bites, are stated. So far we believe only in stimula- 

 ting thoroughly the person who is bitten, and in the appliation of a tight 

 ligature between the wounded part and the body. Free use of the knife 

 and burning powder in the wound are, however, useful. The injection of 

 ammonia into the system, as an antidote, we are not certain about 



Rowell, Fond du Lac, Wis.— Your dog has already got too much 

 spaniel in him ; he is getting too old now. Yon ought to have taught him 

 when seven or eight months old. You must have patience and teach him 

 to drop to the gun and hand; he may be taught by means of a pistol to 

 "Down Charge. 1 • Never let him retrieve his game on his own account 

 but always tell him. " Now Fetch, Fetch. 1 ' If the dog is as good as voit 

 say, you uught wait until he gets older, and then cross him with a pointer 

 so as to bring back the original instinct, or if there are no pointers get a 

 good breed of setters. " ' " 



T. J. & M. W. H.— For answers see " Sea and River Fishing " depart- 

 ment in this and previous numbers of this paper. It is of little use for 

 our friends to ask us for information by letters. We are too "busy 



We shall endeavor to^feeep them thoroughly posted on the conditions 

 from week to week. 



Captain G.— No attempts have been made to introduce the Cappercalize 

 in the United States. They might live in Upper Oregon. We think 

 Col Skinner wrote an excellent article on this subject. Best authority L 

 Lloyd's game birds of Sweden and Norway. ' 



Alfked.— You can buy explosive balls of Simons, Granville street 

 alifax. If he has not got them on hand, will make them for 'you. Worth 



Halifax 



one dollar, gold, a dozen. 



Henry. -Would only be too glad to try a good article of Americon caps 

 Gur primers for'.cartridges are quite as good as the English ones. Sorrr 

 not to be able to say as much of the caps. 



September. -Cayenne pepper in the shoes between the sock and the 

 leather, will keep the feet warm, Just dust from a castor. 



Davidson.— Best time for Buffalo, close of October, Colt's revolver may 



serve as good as anything elsdi s 



