216 



FOREST AND STREAM. 





A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 



Dkvotbd to Field and Aquatic Sports, Practical Natural IlrsTor.Y, 

 Fish Culturk, the Protection of Game, Preservation of FonESTs, 

 and thf Inculcation in Men and AVomen of a healthy interest 

 in Our-LOOR Recreation and Study : 



PUBLISHED BY 



<§<\rtnt mid ^tn<m\ §nhHshwg § om$m\%, 



AT 



103 PULTON STREET, NEW YORK. 



Indian is not only irresponsible when drunk, but fiendish 

 under the stomach-and-brain suffering of the excruciating 

 reaction of a debauch. His faculties are first scattered, 

 and then concentrated on revenge for the woes that follow 

 the demoralization. 



There are other subjects treated of in this issue of equal 

 material value; and to combine the useful and instructive 

 with that which is novel and agreeable, will always be the 

 aim of Forest axd Stream. 



We have a rare budget for next week also. 



Terms, Five Dollars a Year, Strictly in Advance. 



♦ 



A discount of twenty per cent, for five copies and rewards. Any person 

 sending us two subscriptions and Ten Dollars will receive a copy of 

 Hallock's "Fishing Tourist,'' postage free. 



i 4 , 



Advertising Kates. 



In regular advertising columns, nonpareil type, 121ines to the inch, 25 

 cents per line. Advertisements on outside page, 40 cents per line. Heading 

 notices, 50 cents per line. Advertisements in double column 25 per cenl,. 

 exta-a. Where advertisements are inserted over 1 month, a discount of 

 10 per cent, will be made; over three months, 20 per cent; over six 

 months, 30 per cent. 



NEW YORK, THURSDAY, NOT. 13, 1878. 



To Correspondents. 



* 



All communications whatever, whether relating to business or literary 

 correspondence, must be addressed to The Porest and Stream Pub- 

 lishing Company. Personal letters only, to the Manager. 



All communications intended for publication must be accompanied with 

 real name, as a guaranty of good faith. Names will not be published if 

 objection be made. No anonymous contributions will be regarded. 



Articles relating to any topic within the scope of this paper are solicited. 



We cannot promise to return rejected manuscripts. 



Ladies are especially invited to use our columns, which will be pre- 

 pared with, careful reference to their perusal and instruction. 



Secretaries of Clubs and Associations are urged to favor us with brief 

 notes of their movements and transactions, as it is the aim of this paper 



become a medium of useful and reliable information between gentle- 

 men sportsmen from one end of the country to the other ; and they will 

 find our columns a desirable medium for advertising announcements. 



The Publishers of Forest and Stream aim to merit and secure the 

 patronage and countenance of that portion of the community whose re- 

 fined intelligence enables them to properly appreciate and enjoy all that 

 is beautiful in Nature. It will pander to no depraved tastes, nor pervert 

 the legitimate sports of land and water to those base uses which always 

 iend to make them unpopular with the virtuous and good. No advertise- 

 ment or business notice of an immoral character will bo received on any 

 terms ; and nothing will be admitted to any department of the paper that 

 may not be read with propriety in the home circle. 



Wo cannot be responsible for the dereliction of the mail sorvico, if 

 money remitted to us is lost, 



This paper sent gratuitously to all contributors. 



A/lvertisemcn r tt= should be getct in by Saturday of eacii week, if possible. 



CHARLES IIALLOCK, 



Managing Editor. 



Calendar of Events for the Current Week. 



Saturday, November 15.— Pacific Club, San Francisco, running race 

 for $20,000 Grand Remington Diamond Badge Match, Creedmoor. 



Tuesday/, November 18.— Meeting of the Natchez Jockey Club, Natchez, 

 Mississippi. 



Wednesday, November 19.— Meeting of the Natchez Jockey Club, 

 Natchez, Mississippi. 



Thursday, November 20.— Meeting of the Natchez Jockey Club. 



OUR CONTENTS TO-DAY. 



THE number of Fouest and Stream which we fssiie 

 this day does no discredit to its predecessors. In- 

 deed, in the absence of an index varum, we feel at liberty, 

 without blowing loo brazen a trumpet, to direct attention 

 to the quality and value of the material which is con- 

 tributed by its friends and supporters, waiving any refer 

 ence to the remainder of the contents. In the first place, 

 the beautiful introductory epic entitled "Hubert the 

 Hunter " is indited by a master mind, while the little poem 

 on the fourth page is as fresh and sparkling as any of those 

 that fall from the familiar pen of the author. " Wild Life 

 in Florida" is written by a most indefatigable naturalist; 

 the description of hunter-life in the Kocky Mountains by a 

 member of the late Yale Scientific Expedition, whose 

 habits of close observation, assisted by the rare faculty of 

 portraying them with the nicest accuracy, constitute the 

 chief charm of his writings; of a like quality and character 

 arc the poetic emanations of him who indites his lines from 

 the forests of Nova Scotia. In addition we have those 

 valuable lessons of practical instruction in Fish Culture and 

 Taxidermy of which almost every amateur is anxious to 

 know something. 



As'to the article on "Indian Whiskey," we confess it has 

 nothing whatever to do with sport, The subject is any- 

 thin- but sportsmanlike; yet the experience is one that 

 some time or other comes under the observation of every 

 frontier sportsman. And unfortunately, until such oppor- 

 tunity is offered, no sportsman, or any other man, can ever 

 realize the enormity of the whiskey traffic, or the real 

 causes, direct or remote, of all our difficulties with the 

 Indians This article is most painful in the horrible ac- 

 curacy of its delineation; it is the only one we ever read 

 that olves an adequate conception of what people generally 

 have only a faint idea of. We wish that it could be read 

 bv every official, from Washington to the remotest frontier, 

 and printed where everybody can see it. The great wonder 

 is that Indian atrocities are as. few as they are; lor the 



THE BRIGHTON AQUARIUM. 



IJBLIC attention having Been brought to the question 

 of an aquarium, to be located in New York, either at 

 the Central Park or in its adjunct, thcMorningsidc Park, a 

 full description of the largest and most successful aquarium 

 — the one at Brighton — will be doubtless interesting to our 

 readers. 



To the Messrs. Apploton, the publishers of AppUton\; 

 Journal, will be due the credit of having first practically 

 taken this important subject in hand, and in a former num- 

 ber of Forest and Stream we mentioned that a corres- 

 pondence had already been entered into between the Messrs. 

 Appleton and Mr. W. Saville Kent, the late manager of the 

 Brighton Aquarium. From an admirable article in Nature, 

 from Mr. Kent himself, we are enabled to understand fully 

 the plans of construction and working of this aquarium. 



The Brighton Aquarium, though there are several other 

 aquaria in England and on the Continent, still holds its own 

 asjbeing on a scale of magnitude hitherto unsurpassed; 

 more than one of its tanks being large enough to allow of 

 porpoises and other lesser eetaem to live in them. Mr. Ed- 

 Avard Birch, a well known English engineer, having seen a 

 smaller aquarium at Boulogne, first entertained the idea of 

 constructing a perfect one on a much enlarged scale at 

 Brighton. The work was commenced in 18G9, but was not 

 completed until 1872, wdien the present aquarium was form- 

 ally opened under the auspices of the British Association. 

 The area occupied by the Brighton Aquarium is 715 feet in 

 length (somewhat over one-seventh of a mile), and is 100 

 feet in width. There are 41 principal tanks in all, num- 

 bered from 1 to 41. The smallest is 11 feet long by 10 

 broad, and wall contain 4,000 gallons of Water; the largest 

 is No. G, with a frontage of 180 feet by 80 feet width, and 

 will hold 110,000 gallons. Every gradation of depth is 

 found in the aquarium, from 5 feet to 30. Supplementary 

 to these larger tanks are a number of smaller ones, adapted 

 to starfish, anemoniee, &c, so that the smaller creatures 

 may be examined perpendicularly through the water. The 

 whole bulk of water, both fresh and salt, utilized, amounts 

 to no less than 500,000 gallons. 



The style c;f architecture of the building is a highly or- 

 nate Italian, constructed of variegated brick, with columns 

 of Bath stone, serpentine marble, and Aberdeen granite. 

 The floor is laid in tiles. The tanks arc divided into 

 sections composed of three sheets of plate glass, each plate 

 having a thickness of one inch, and measuring six feet high 

 by three feet wide, and are separated and supported by up- 

 right massive iron mullions. A small tank may have but 

 one length and width of glass, while the larger ones have 

 as many as six plates of glass, something like a large win- 

 dow in a shop front, made up of various piece., of glass. 



The system adopted in the aquarium is that of continually 

 renewing the oxygen necessary for the health of the ani- 

 mals, and streams of compressed air are constantly forced 

 through tubes at the bottom of the water, each tank hav- 

 ing a greater or less number of tubes appropriate to the size 

 of the tank. Each tank is perfectly independent or isolated 

 from the other, so that should an accident occur inmates 

 could not escape from their tank, or if the water should be- 

 come turbid the water in a particular tank alone is affected. 

 The water is derived directly from the sea by means of a 

 six-horse centrifugal pump. "This system," says Mr. Kent, 

 "while practical in aquaria at the seaside, when the supply 

 ! of water is unlimited, does not answer inland, as exempli- 

 fied by the decadence in a scientific point of the one from 

 which that at Brighton is copied." The aquarium at the 

 Crystal Palace, and those at Hamburg and Copenhagen 

 will not sustain (the size of tanks and volume of water be 

 ing the same as at Brighton) the same amount of fish. 



One great difficulty arises from the fact that certain kinds 

 of fish foul the water and make it turbid, and by so doing 

 not only prevent the movements of the lish from being- 

 studied, but may seriously affect their own health. The 

 flat-fish or pleuronectidce, is of this character, and if placed 

 in a tank of the clearest water, under the best circumstan- 

 ces, will make the water in a few weeks become so opaque 

 that at a short distance from the glass the fish becomes 

 invisible. To remedy this fresh water was used; but as 

 the Brighton pipes were at times drawing water at low tide, 

 certain impurities were drawn up with the water which 

 rendered it objectionable. Mr. Kent's predecessor, Mr. J. 

 K. Lloyd, having suggested the introduction of oysters and 

 other bivalve mollusca for the purpose of removing these 

 organic impurites, though they proved useful, Mr. Kent 

 states that the evil remains undisturbed, and can only be 

 remedied, he thinks, "by the application of the circulatory 

 system, securing with it the more thorough oxygenization 

 of the water." Mr. W. A. Lloyd, who ha* had charge of 

 the Crystal Palace and Hamburg Aquaria, initiated the sys- 

 tem referred to by Mr. Kent. A bulk of water exceeding 

 four to five times the capac"^ of the tanks is stored, which 

 is pumped by steam power and circulated through the 

 buildings, taking up in its course, by exposure to the at- 



mosphere, a certain amount of oxygen which, says Mr. 

 Kent, "not only permits the preservation of the health of 

 a much larger number of inhabitants in each tank, but ats 



the same time communicates to the water a degree of clear- 

 ness and brilliancy unattainable by other means." Tin- 

 objections to such a circulatory system is, that should any- 

 noxious substance, such as paint or oil, be introduced mil;, 

 the water, it would be diffused throughout all the tanks. 

 But, Mr. Kent states, that with ordinary care such acci- 

 dents ought to be impossible. This same most reliable au 

 thority informs us that, until this circulatory method of 

 feeding the tanks is used at Brighton, the greater or 1 

 turbidity of tanks must continue as hitherto, and be a con- 

 stant source of dissatisfaction to the directors and the 

 public. 



To conclude our brief analysis of Mr. Kent's most clear 

 statements of the Brighton Aquarium, he is of the opinion 

 that, so far as to size and its proximity to the sea, the 

 Brighton Aquarium has been able to achieveresults unreal- 

 ized by any other institution of its description, but thai 

 these results are by no means commensurate with the ex- 

 penditure involved in its establishment, and Mr. Kent ex- 

 presses the hope that "steps will be forthwith taken to 

 remedy the defects indicated." 



With, then, all the experience gained by Mr. Kent, and 

 the advantages and defects of the various systems employed 

 having been well considered, let us hope that when the 

 New York Aquarium is built it will be, if not the largest m 

 the world, at least perfect in all respects. Had an aquari- 

 um existed at Central Park the manatee, whose untimely 

 end we regret to announce, would have been probably still 

 alive. 



If San Francisco has an aquarium, surely the metropolis 

 of America should have one. We look forward, then, with 

 great interest to the erection of an aquarium in New York, 

 believing that the time is not far distant when our hopes 

 Will be realized. 



AMERICAN OARSMEN vs. ENGLISH. 



E print for the benefit of our boating readers a very 

 interesting but somewhat inflated article from 

 Land and Water. Very certainly the tone in which the 

 article is couched is not wanting in satire. We think no 

 people were more free to admit English supremacy on boat- 

 ing matters on their own waters than our Collegiates and 

 Amateurs. That it is an evident fact is shown by Yale 

 having sent one of her best oarsmen fo Oxford to learn the 

 English stroke. The journal also assumes that an Ameri- 

 can four would stand no chance even on our own waters. 

 How does its editor know? Public performance it is true, 

 is an excellent criterion generally, but not when change of 

 water makes such a material difference. Wc have sent 

 thoroughbred horses to England, and have been beaten. 

 American yachts have crossed the, Atlantic and won cups, 

 and the best of English yachtsmen have had to acknowledge 

 our superiority. The Oxford crew' beat the Harvard? on 

 their own water. The London Bowing Club won the race 

 from the Atalantas on their own Water. Now it seems to 

 us that fairness and justice would be equably carried out 

 by the London Bowing Club sending a crew over here neXl 

 spring. We would be willing to guarantee them every 

 facility, and what is more, they would be personally sup- 

 ported, and eveiy courtesy shown them by ail American 

 amateur oarsmen: 



" The next subject of importance in aquatics is a chal- 

 lenge, from the States. A challenge from this quarter is 

 not uncommon, and sometimes amusing. If is, however, 

 one that frequently opens portentously, and ends in smoke. 

 An American sculler, a good man for the States, named 

 Brown, of Halifax, has" beaten another sculler, Biglin. 

 This Brown is not Walter of that name, who came over in 

 the train of Harvard as aquatic supervisor, but another 

 Brown of far higher Calibre. Walter came over ostensibly 

 to wrest the sceptre of single shell supremacy from Joseph 

 Sadler, of Putney, but when he arrived, he paid court iiol 

 to Joseph, but to William Sadler, and after an exciting race 

 on the Tyne, in which both men at halfway were so rowed 

 out as to forget their own names, the champion of the 

 Stars and Stripes won. He tempted fortune no more, and 

 returned home a wiser man. The present Brown of our 

 story figured in the sculling races* two years ago, when 

 Sadler swept the board at Saratoga, Halifax, Lochiel, etc., 

 and he showed the best style that our men have ever seen 

 from the New World. He was sculling them with the 

 most primitive machinery, short sculls, rough boat, etc., 

 but nevertheless managed to beat II. Kelley andB. Bagnall. 

 Some enthusiast in the States suggests a subscription to 

 send him over to whip creation, including J. Sadler, our 

 present champion; but It. Bagnall, now improved by two 

 years, does not sec the matter in the same light, and since 

 Joseph Sadler does not respond to the offer, he, Bagnall, 

 challenges J. Sadler, Brown, or any other man to scull for 

 the championship. This must lead at last to something- 

 let us hope it will, that Brown will come over, and that he, 

 Bagnall, and Sadler, will all three be brought out. 



The next act is also xlmerican : Stanley found Living- 

 stone, more credit to him ! The Graphic inflation burst up, 

 so much the xvorse for the Graphic; and now^tbe originator 

 of finding Livingstone has offered a £1,000 cup for a race 

 between Harvard, Yale, and a crew from Oxford or Cam- 

 bridge. The offer is a very liberal one, but it would be a 

 poor speculation: Oxford "and Cambridge men would not 

 stand the daily interviewing of Mr. Bennett's organ, even it 

 four or six worshippers at "the shrine of aquatic notoriety 

 could be collected for the journey. From what we have 

 seen of American rowing in the Harvard, and latterly the 

 Atalanta crew, the £1,000 cup would be simply a matter ot 

 the journey over there of a good second-rate four; our 

 cousins are not sufficiently improved for our first-class men. 

 But the time will come if they stick to rowing as heartily 

 as they have begun." 



Sandusky, Ohio, has a machine that beheads, opens ana 

 dresses from sixty to ninety fish per minute. 



