NOTES ON THE CANID.E OF THE WHITE KIVEK OLIGOCESTE. 333 



zygomatic process is stout and well-developed, especially in D. veins, which has heavier 

 arches than a large wolf, while in D. hartshomianus the zygoma is lighter and more 

 slender, much as in the coyote. The jugal is strongly curved upward, as well as out- 

 ward, and is shaped quite as in Cams, forming nearly the whole anterior and inferior 

 boundary of the orbit ; the postorbital process is very feebly indicated, being even less 

 prominent than in the modern genus, so that the orbit is more widely open behind. The 

 lachrymal is rather larger than in Cards, forming more of the anterior orbital border, and 

 has a quite well-developed spine. 



The nasals have a general resemblance to those of Canis, but, in correspondence with 

 the shortness of the whole facial region, they are considerably shorter, and somewhat 

 broader and more convex transversely ; their posterior ends are more simply rounded and 

 have a less irregular suture with the frontals, while the anterior, free ends are much less 

 deeply notched. 



The maxillary is somewhat peculiar in shape, corresponding to the remarkably 

 constricted, narrow muzzle. The facial portion of the bone is relatively higher than in 

 existing representatives of the family, especially in front, its anterior border rising in a 

 steeper and bolder curve. Just in advance of the orbits the maxillaries expand quite 

 suddenly in the transverse direction, much more abruptly than in Canis. The infra- 

 orbital foramen occupies nearly the same position, with reference to the teeth, as in the 

 latter genus, being above the front edge of the sectorial, but it is very much nearer to 

 the orbit, which occupies a more anterior position. The palatine processes of the maxil- 

 laries follow the shape of the muzzle, and are long, narrow for most of their length, but 

 broadening much behind ; anteriorly they are emarginated in an unusual degree to 

 receive the long premaxillary spines. 



The premaxillaries, especially their alveolar portion, are somewhat narrower than in 

 Canis, and behind the external incisor the alveolar border is constricted on each side, 

 forming well-marked grooves for the reception of the lower canines. The exposed part 

 of the ascending ramus is much narrower than in the modern genus, forming a mere 

 strip on the side of the narial opening. At the same time, this ascending ramus is 

 relatively longer, than in existing dogs and extends almost to the nasal process of the 

 frontal. The anterior narial opening is somewhat larger proportionately than in the 

 recent members of the family, especially in the vertical direction, and its borders are less 

 inclined ; the floor, formed by the dorsal surface of the horizontal rami of the premaxilhe. 

 is more simply and deeply concave, and the horizontal rami themselves are less massive. 

 The palatine processes of the premaxillaries are distinctly smaller than in Canis, while 

 the spines are relatively longer and more slender. The incisive foramina are large and 

 from them quite deep grooves are continued forward to the alveolar border, while in the 

 modern genus these grooves are very shallow and feebly marked. 



