NOTES ON THE CANIDiE OF THE WHITE RIVER OLIGOCENE. 379 



the tip, and are inclined forward rather more decidedly than in Canis. Anapophyses 

 are quite prominent on the anterior lumbars, but diminish posteriorly, becoming rudi- 

 mentary on the fifth, while the metapophyses are conspicuous in all. The zygapo- 

 physes are but moderately concave and convex respectively. The general aspect of 

 the lumbar region is not canine in character, but rather resembles that of the civets 

 and mustelines. 



The sacrum is quite short and consists of three vertebrae, only the first of which has 

 a contact with the ilium. The first sacral has a broad and much depressed centrum and 

 large, expanded pleurapopbyses, which give considerable width to the vertebra. The 

 neural spine is a mere feebly marked ridge, while the spines of the second and third are 

 higher and separate. The transverse processes of all the sacrals are fused into a continu- 

 ous lateral ridge, but that of the third vertebra extends outward much farther than the 

 others and ends in a point, an arrangement which gives to this sacrum an appearance 

 quite different from that of Canis. The prezygapophyses of the first vertebra are large 

 and conspicuous, but all the other zygapophyses of the sacrum are small. The neural 

 foramina are remarkably small. The centrum of the last vertebra is almost as large as 

 that of the first and the widely extended transverse processes make the sacrum nearly as 

 broad behind as it is in front. 



The caudal vertebrce are not preserved entire in any of the specimens, nor, indeed, 

 can all of them be recovered from all the individuals combined, so that the number of 

 tail vertebrae is, as yet, conjectural. However, enough remains to show the character of 

 the tail and of the various elements which compose it. The tail was evidently very well 

 develoj:>ed, being relatively longer and stouter than in any of the recent Canidm, and 

 much like that of some of the long-tailed viverrines, such as Herpesles. The anterior 

 caudal vertebrae have short, but heavy centra and very long, broad and depressed trans- 

 verse processes, which extend out nearly at right angles with the line of the centrum. 

 The breadth of the first caudal across the transverse processes about equals that of the last 

 sacral. The zygapophyses of the anterior caudals are large and prominent. The ante- 

 rior caudals are succeeded by a number of vertebrae with very elongate centra, which 

 resemble in miniature the corresponding vertebrae of Daphamus, having distinct remnants 

 of the various processes. Toward the tip of the tail the vertebrae become very slender 

 and of a cylindrical shape, the centra being slightly contracted in the middle and 

 expanded at the ends. 



The ribs, so far as they are preserved in the various specimens, are remarkable 

 chiefly for their length and slenderness and for their subcylindrical shape. Tubercles 

 appear to be absent from the twelfth and thirteenth pair. The sternum is of the usual 

 carnivorous character, without being especially like that either of the dogs or of the 



