382 NOTES ON THE CANID^ OF THE WHITE RIVER OLIGOCENE. 



at this point. The internal epicondyle is much more prominent and more massive than 

 in Canis, and a conspicuous epicondylar foramen is present, in the form of a long, nar- 

 row slit. The external epicondyle, on the contrary, is rather smaller than in the recent 

 genus. 



The humeral trochlea has a much smaller proximo-distal diameter than in the exist- 

 ing Canidce, in which respect it preserves a primitive character and resembles the troch- 

 lea of such viverrine genera as Cynogale and Viverra. The radial surface is small and 

 simply convex, while the ulnar facet is much larger than in the recent dogs ; the inner 

 flange of the ulnar facet is also more produced distally and forms a sharper edge than in 

 the latter. 



The radius is not at all suggestive of canine affinities, but rather resembles the cor- 

 responding bone of the oats and viverrines. The capitellum is small and of subdiscoi- 

 dal shape ; while it is somewhat more extended transversely .than in Fells, it is much less 

 so than in Canis ; its articular surface is moderately concave and is slightly notched on 

 the anterior border. The proximal facet for the ulna is a simple, convex band, separated 

 from the humeral surface by a distinct angle and entirely resembling that of Dap/uenus. 

 The character of the articulation at the elbow-joint and the large development of the 

 supinator ridge on the humerus would seem to imply that in Cynodicfis a considerable 

 degree of freedom in the rotation of the manus had been preserved, though probably less 

 than in the cats and in many viverrines. The bicipital tubercle is prominent, but occu- 

 pies a more posterior position than in either the cats or the recent dogs, and is not visible 

 when the radius is looked at from the front. 



The shaft of the radius is relatively short, slender and rounded, very different from 

 the broad, oval and antero-posteriorly compressed shaft seen in Canis; it has a slight 

 double curvature, arching anteriorly and externally, and is of almost uniform thickness 

 throughout its length, except at the distal end, where it broadens considerably. A very 

 striking difference from < ''mis consists in the very great size and prominence of the sty- 

 loid process, which form- a relatively enormous tuberosity ; it is even much larger pro- 

 portionately than in the cats or civets and is as large as in Mellivora, though of a differ- 

 ent shape. In Daphcenns, as we have already learned, the styloid process is very promi- 

 nent and of a generally feline appearance, but it is proportionately smaller than in Cyno- 

 dictis. The radius figured by Schlosser ('89, Taf. VII, Fig. 8) and by him attributed to 

 one of the European species of the latter genus has a styloid process in the form of an 

 enormous, recurved hook, much longer and much more slender than in the American 

 species and of an entirely different appearance. The distal tendinal sulci are not very 

 well marked, though that for the abductor and extensor muscles of the pollex is a deep 

 groove. The distal facet for the ulna is smaller and less deeply impressed than in Canis. 

 The carpal facet is small and slightly concave, nan-owing toward the internal side ; it 



