46 PACHYDERMATA. 



with a double line of teeth ; and, notwithstanding that the molars 

 agree so closely, the crania are remarkably different in the two 

 forms ; that of E. insignis, pi. 15, being singularly modified so 

 as to bear an analogy to the cranium of Dinotherium giganteum ; 

 while the head of E. Ganesa does not differ much from the ordi- 

 nary type of the Elephant. In fact, we have entirely failed in the 

 detection of any good characters by which the teeth of these two 

 species can be distinguished satisfactorily when met with in frag- 

 ments, as is most generally the case. A similar agreement in the 

 form of the teeth is observable in certain closely-allied species of 

 Mastodon. The tooth represented in this section measures nine 

 inches and a quarter in length. 



Fig. 7 b, shows a section of one of the posterior molars of a lower 

 jaw, which we infer to belong to the same species. A small por- 

 tion of the anterior end of the crown has been broken off ; but the 

 presence of the anterior fang proves that the section includes the 

 whole length of the tooth except the first ridge, the posterior end 

 being entire. It appears to have consisted of eight principal 

 ridges, with a 'talon' ridge behind, and a subordinate ridge in 

 front. Five of the ridges have been in use, the anterior two in the 

 section being worn down close to the common base of ivory, while 

 the three last ridges are entire. Like the upper molar of E. 

 Ganesa, it bears a close resemblance to the corresponding inferior 

 tooth of E. insignis (pi. 2. fig. 6), in the form of the ridges, 

 thickness of enamel, and proportion of cement. This specimen 

 measures about seven inches and a half in length. 



The next serial modification in the form of the molars occurs 

 in another extinct Sewalik species, named E. bombifrons, in this 

 work. It is not included among the sections in pi. 3. This 

 species, of the distinctness of which we are assured, by possessing 

 several crania containing perfect teeth, belongs to the same group 

 as the two species last described. The crown is divided into 

 similar transverse ridges, composed of numerous mammillae, which 

 yield a corresponding chevron-shaped section, and the interspaces 

 are occupied by a thick coat of cement ; but they differ, in being 

 broader and less elevated, with more open hollows. The principal 



