48 PACHYDERMATA. 



E. Hysudricus. That they belong to Elephas proper, rather than to 

 Mastodon, is clearly indicated by all the principal characters of 

 the teeth : viz. the crowns are divided into many transverse ridges, 

 consisting of numerous mammillae resembling the digital terminations 

 of the plates in the Indian Elephant ; the hollows are occupied by 

 a more or less abundant layer of cement ; and, as in the typical 

 Elephants, there is no appearance of the longitudinal cleft along 

 the axis, which, in almost all the species of Mastodon, bisects the 

 crown into lateral divisions. The same direction of affinity is 

 indicated by the characters presented by the crania. 



We here take leave, for a time, of the proper Elephantine 

 forms ; and from this point the complexity in the molars gradually 

 diminishes till they assimilate to the character exhibited by the 

 ordinary Pachydermata. 



Fig. 8 of pi. 3 shows a section of another of the specimens 

 described in Mr. Cliffs memoir under the name of Mastodon 

 latidens, x and represented by him in pi. 37. fig. 1. It 

 consists of the two last molars of the upper jaw. The figure is 

 drawn on a scale of two-thirds of the natural size. The last tooth 

 shows five principal ridges with a posterior talon ridge and a sub- 

 ordinate ridge in front. The ridges are transverse, and divided by 

 a longitudinal cleft into two pairs of principal points without 

 intermediate mammilla? in the hollows. The enamel is very thick, 

 and the cement is reduced to a thin layer which is only observable 

 in the bottom of the hollows. The ivory lobes resemble those of 

 E. Ganesa, fig. 7 a, but they are less elevated with a broader 

 base. The artist has been eminently successful in his representa- 

 tion of the texture of the two dental substances in this specimen. 

 The anterior tooth had been a long time in use, and the ridges 

 are nearly all worn out. They were four in number, in this as 

 well as in the two teeth which preceded it in the jaw. We believe 

 this to be a small or dwarf variety of M. latidens, a species the 

 adult teeth of which generally attain a large size. The last 



1 This valuable specimen, discovered by Mr. Crawfurd in Ava, belongs to the 

 collection of the Geological Society, the President of which has liberally allowed a 

 section of it to be made for the illustration given in fig. 8. 



