DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES 



IN 



THE FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



[This description has been mainly compiled from the following 

 sources : — 1. Memoranda in Dr. Falconer's note-books and papers ; 

 2. References to certain of the figures in his published memoirs on 

 Elephant, Mastodon, &c. ; 3. References to other figures in his 

 correspondence with scientific friends ; and 4. Labels in his handwriting 

 on the specimens figured which are now in the British Museum. 

 Although the figures are drawn to scale, the actual measurements have, 

 as far as practicable, been introduced into the description of each 

 figure. It has been thought that by their means, the value of the 

 descriptions would be increased to those who have not an opportu- 

 nity of consulting the Plates, and that even to those who possess 

 the Plates the comparison of specimens would be facilitated. The 

 measurements are given in English inches, and in tenths of an inch. 

 The letters B.M. indicate that the specimen referred to is in the 

 British Museum.] 



Plates I., II., and 111. are intended to represent, by careful copies of 

 nature, the modifications in structure and form exhibited by the molar 

 teeth of the Proboscidea. They show in vertical sections a series of 

 gradations, commencing with Dinotherium and Mastodon Ohioticus at one 

 extremity, and running through the other species to Elephas primigenius, 

 in which the greatest deviation from the ordinary form of a grinding 

 tooth is met with. 



Plate I. 



Pig. 1 — Elephas primigenius, or the true Mammoth: longitudinal 

 and vertical section of last upper molar, left side, from an English 

 specimen found near Kingsland, and formerly in the Museum of the 

 Geological Society. Shows the ' ridge formula ' and the form and 

 relative proportions of the alternate layers of ivory. The section 

 closely resembles that of the corresponding tooth of the Indian 

 Elephant, but the ivory segments are even thinner, more vertical, 

 and more approximated. The disposition of the plates presents the 



