FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALEKSIS. 



Plate IV. 



Elephas Hysudricus. (Falc. and Caut.), from the Sewalik hills. Front 

 view of skull, one-fifth nat. size. This fine specimen was purchased 

 from Conductor Dawe. — B.M. 



Length of the cranium from the protuberances of the occipital to the broken tip 

 of left incisive, 45" in. Length from broken occipital condyles to anterior border of 

 alveolus, 28 • in. Vertical height of head, from broken condjdes to the pyramidal 

 bulge of sinciput, 26 - in. Vertical height from surface of occipital to the tip of the 

 nasals, 27'75 in. Extreme width of the head restored on left side, 38"5 in. Width 

 at narrowest part of forehead between zygomatic fossae, 10'5in. Width of naso-maxil- 

 lary fissure, 18'5 in. Depth from tip of nasals to anterior margin of naso-maxillary 

 fissure, 3 - 5 in. Depth of rami of naso-maxillary fissure, 4 - in. Width between middle 

 of the orbits, mesial, 26" in. Greatest width of zygomatic fossa, 12 - in. Depth from 

 hollow of frontal to condyles, 20" in. Depth from posterior border alveolus to margin 

 of naso-maxillary fissure, 21 - 5 in. Length of alveolus of last grinder, 105 in. Depth 

 of hollow of frontal below mesial plane, 4 - o in. Extreme width of alveolus, 4*75 in. 

 Width of incisive sheath in front of the alveolus, 18 - 5 in. Transverse diameter of the 

 left tusk, 7'5 in. Antero-post. of theleft tusk, 7"7o in. Depth below mesial plane of the 

 occipital hollow, 8 - 5 in. Width of bottom of occipital hollow, 5 - 75 in. Depth of pos- 

 terior bulge of the cranium from the occipital bone to surface of zygomatic fossa, 

 155 in. Least width at back part of cranium behind the alveoli, 8 - 5 in. Depth from 

 posterior broken surface of condyle to the posterior border of the alveolus, 19" in. 

 Depth of infra-orbital foramen, 2'5 in. Transverse diameter of foramen, 175 in. 

 Length of infra-orbital canal, 6' in. Depth of the left orbit, 6 - 75 in. From 

 anterior margin auditory foramen to anterior border of the orbit, 20 - in. Vertical 

 diameter auditory foramen, 1-5 in. Depth of the fossa between incisive sheaths at 

 the top of it, 6 - 5 in. Width across fossa, 3 - in. Depth of the naso-maxillary vault, 

 12 - in. Depth of skull from posterior end of socket to the orbit, 22-5 in. 



Plate V. 



Figs. 1, 2, 8, and 4. — Elephas Hysudricus. Four different views of 

 same skull as in Plate IV., ^ nat. size. — B.M. 



Plate VI. 



Figs. 1 and 2. — Elephas Hysudricus. Perfect small head from the 

 Geol. Soc. Museum, with the second and third milk molars, and first 

 true molar in germ. The second milk molar on left side is much 

 worn. The infra-orbital hole is very large. The tusks are oval on 

 section, as shown in fig. 3 of another animal of same age. The palatal 

 bones are divergent in front. The tusks are also a little divergent, 

 and are very near in size those of the young Indian Elephant, but are 

 narrower in front and more convex. The palate is not figured. — B.M. 



Extreme length from occipital crest to broken incisor, 23 - 3 in. Length from 

 occiput to tip of nasals, 13 - 8in. Width of nasal opening, 7"1 in. Depth of nas.op. at 

 sides, 2'8 in. From lower end of nasal opening to tip of incisives, 9 - 5 in. Semi- 

 diameter from tip of nasals to left orbit, 6 - 3in. Width of brow, 12*6 in. Width 

 at contraction of incisive sheaths, 5 - 6 in. Extreme length of orbit, 3 - 5 in. Width 

 at tips of incisive sheaths, 56 in. Vertical diameter of left tusk, 1-8 in. Transverse 

 diameter of left tusk, 1*5 in. From outer margin of orbit to occiput, 16'8. in. Width 

 of brow at temporal contraction, 6" in. Length of second milk molar, 2 - l in. Width 

 of second milk molar behind, 1-6 in. [Number of plates, 5. Length of third milk 

 molar, 4-3 in. Width in front, 2*1 in. No. of ridges 7, with a front and heel ridge. 

 Interval between second milk molars in front, 1*9 in. Interval between third, 2'2 in. 

 From niche of palate to commencement of diasteme, 5 - 3 in. Length of diastema! ridges 

 to tip, 6"3 in. Interval between ridges at base, l"4in. Expansion at tip, 29 in. 



Fig. 3. — Elephas Hysudricus, under surface of young skull. This 



