10 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



side. Nine plates of the next following tootli are seen in germ. From 

 H. F.'s collection. — B.M. 



Extreme length, including beak, 16 - 6in. Extreme divergence of rami behind, 

 14'1 in. Height to alveolus, 4-4 in. Height of condyle, 11 - 2 in. Antero-posterior 

 extent of ascending ramus, 7'4 in. Greatest thickness behind, 3 - 8 in. Length of 

 anterior right molar, 5*4 in. Width, 2 - 3 in. From inner side of symphysis to tip 

 of beak, 3 - 3 in. 



Fig. 5. — Elephas Hysudricus. Extremely old lower jaw, right side, 

 with the last tooth nearly worn out, and showing about five remaining 

 plates extremely distorted. Belonged to an individual of small size. 

 The figure is chiefly intended to show the distortion. — B.M. 



Plate IX. 



Elephas planifrons (Falc. and Caut.), from the Sewalik hills. Front 

 view of skull, one-third of natural size. The forehead of this species 

 is very flat ; the naso-maxillary opening very small, and the occipital 

 fissure very low. — B.M. 



Plate X. 



Elephas planifrons. Four different views of same cranium as figured 

 in Plate IX. The last true molar is seen in germ and intact on the 

 right side, and well worn on the other, so that the corresponding tooth 

 on the right side of the lower jaw had probably been Avanting. It has 

 eleven ridges and a heel. The pterygoids are very low. — B.M. 



Extreme length of cranium from occiput to broken incisives, 25 - in. Extreme 

 width of occiput, 21*7 in. Height of occiput (condyles broken), 137 in. From 

 middle of occipital notch to tip of nasals, ll - in. Transverse diameter of nasal 

 opening, 8'7 in. Vertical, 2 - 8 in. Interval from posterior orbital process to margin 

 of nasal opening (partly broken), 8'3 in. Estimated width at posterior orbital 

 processes, 27"8 in. Greatest contraction between the temporals, 14 - 7in. From 

 occiput to anterior margin of orbits, 20 - 7 in. Width of muzzle at orbital 

 foramina, 12-5 in. Depth from surface of molar to brow at contraction between 

 the temporals, 16" in. Antero-posterior diameter of orbit, 4 - 6in. Transverse 

 ditto, 4-5 in. Length of right molar, 9*7 in. Greatest height of crown plates, 

 unworn, 4- in. Width of crown in worn tooth, 3 - 5 in. 



Plate XL 



Fig. 1. — Elephas planifrons. Fine specimen of old palate, with last 

 molar of either side. A section was made of the right molar, which 

 consisted of ten ridges, back heel inclusive. The section showed the 

 anterior fang complete ; the enamel very thick ; general expansion of 

 the plates ; points in the plates very few, fewer even than in E. insignis. 

 Specimen in Mr. "W. Ewer's collection (See note, page 14, No. 1). 



Length of last molar, left, ll - in. Width in front, 4-5 in. Width at seventh 

 ridge, 3 - 5 in. Interval between the teeth in front, 2-6 in. Interval behind at niche 

 of palate, 5 - 4 in. 



Fig. 2. — E. planifrons. — Superb specimen of lower jaw. It has two 

 mental foramina placed, as in fig. 3, much Avorn in front. The last true 

 molar is beautifully preserved on either side. They have#thirteen 

 principal ridges, and a back heel and front ridge ; enamel very thick ; 

 points few ; an intermediate mammilla, the detrition of which causes the 

 mesial expansion ; the tooth curves a good deal out. No long spout as 

 in E. Africanus. From Sir Proby Cautley's collection (See note, page 

 14, No.'2).— B.M. 



Extreme length of jaw, 19'2in. Divergence of rami behind (outer surfaces), 



