DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 



21 



Figs. 2, 2 a, and 2 b. — Elephas antiquus. l Second upper right milk 

 molar, with six ridges and a heel, from Grays, in Essex. — B.M. 

 Length, 2-4 in. Width, 13 in. 



Figs. 3 and 3 a. — E. primigenius, probably (sic). Small milk molar : 

 9 ridges. 



Fig. 4. — Elephas Africanus. Lower jaw of young animal with pre- 

 antepenultimate (a), antepenultimate (b), and penultimate milk molars 

 on both sides. The right penultimate molar has six plates and a heel. 

 This is the interesting specimen figured and described by De Blainville. 



Length of jaw, 97 in. Length of penultimate right milk molar, 2 - 3 in. Width, 

 ■9 in. 



Figs. 5 and 5 a. — Elephas Africanus. Penultimate right lower 

 molar, with eight ridges and a heel. The ridges are broad, and the 

 fangs supporting the five posterior ridges are confluent. 



Length, 7"4 in. Width of crown, 2'4 in. Height of crown at eighth plat*, 

 34 in. w 



Fig. 6. — Elephas priscus. Mutilated fragment of penultimate 

 lower molar, left side, from the brick-earth deposits of the valley of the 

 Thames. Shows only the entire discs of five partially worn ridges. 

 The outline of the discs corresponds very closely in form with those of 

 the posterior ridges of the larger specimen from Gray's Thurrock, 

 shown in fig. 7. There is the same mesial angular expansion, and a 

 still greater tendency to the discs assuming a crescentic form. The 

 mutilated state of the specimen renders its identification somewhat 

 doubtful, but it is inferred to belong to E. priscus. — No. 18,966 B.M. 

 Length, o - in. Width, 3 - in. Height hehind, 2 8 in. 



Figs. 7 and 7 a. — Elephas priscus. This is a most interesting spe- 

 cimen from Gray's Thurrock, purchased from Mr. Ball, of last lower 

 molar, left side, containing eight ridges, heel inclusive. It is slightly 

 concave on the outside, and convex on the inner side. A small portion 

 of the anterior end — two plates, perhaps — is broken off. The fangs of 

 the whole of the anterior part remain attached. The seven anterior 

 plates are worn down to wide discs ; the hind talon has also begun to 

 wear. Is excessively like African Elephant in lozenge-shaped expan- 

 sion, and in the thickness of the enamel lamella?. The rhomb form is 

 not so sharply defined in the discs of wear, but the greatest expansion 

 is at the centre, where there is a tendency to an outlying loop ( Vide 

 fig 5). Besides the great expansion, this tooth differs from all true 

 E. antiquus specimens in the lowness of the crown ridges (Vide PL 

 XIV. A., passim, and especially fig. 8). If not a separate species, is a 

 very marked variety. — No. 39,370 B.M. 



Fig. 7 b. — Longitudinal section of same molar of E. priscus. Shows 

 the closest relation to the existing African Elephant (PI. II. fig. 4 b,) in 

 all that relates to the relative proportions of the alternate layers of 

 ivory, enamel, and cement, and in the cuneiform character of the 

 ridges. 2 (Reproduced in Plate VII. of vol. ii.) 



Length of molar, 7'8 in. Width of crown at first plate, 2 - 35 in. ; at second, 

 2-6 in.; at third, 275 in.; at fourth, 28 in. ; at fifth, 27 in.; at sixth, 2"45 in.; 

 at seventh, 1-8 in.; at talon, 1*3 in. Height at seventh plate, 25 in. Expansion 



1 Misnamed Elephas meridionalis in 

 Plate. • pages 18 and 23. 



2 The differences between E. priscus 



and E. Africanus are considered in de- 

 tail in Dr. F.'s Memoir on Fossil Ele- 

 phants. 



