24 



FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



without fangs, and a good deal rolled. The crown is composed of six 

 principal ridges, besides front and back talons. It was compared with the 

 corresponding tooth of E. (Loxodon) planifrons, which it resembles 

 very closely, but it has a broader crown. The dimensions are : — 



Length, 2'6 in. Width of crown at first plate, 1*15 in. Width of crown behind, 

 1'4 in. Height of crown at fifth ridge, T55 in. 



The corresponding tooth of E. (Eueleph.) antiquus arid of ' E. primi- 

 genius yields normally eight transverse plates. The precise origin of 

 the specimen is not recorded ; but it is supposed to have belonged to 

 Mr. Samuel Woodward, and to have been derived from the Norfolk 

 coast. Norwich Museum, No. 11. 



Figs. 2 and 2 a. — Elephas meridionalis. Another example of the 

 same tooth, a penultimate upper milk molar, right side, discovered in 

 the Norwich Crag at Easton, Suffolk, by Captain Alexander. It pre- 

 sents six ridges, well advanced in wear. Norwich Museum. The di- 

 mensions are : — 



Length, 2-4 in. Width in front, 1-0 in. Width behind, 16 in. 



Figs. 3 and 3 a — Elephas meridionalis. Another well-worn penulti- 

 mate milk molar, probably of the lower (?) jaw, right side. It is of a 

 larger size than the others, but shows the same number of plates, 

 namely six, with talons. It is very broad in the crown relatively to 

 the length. The discs of the ridges are very wide, like the Italian 

 specimens. This molar belonged to the collection of Mr. Samuel 

 Woodward ; it is now in the Norwich Museum. It is heavy and 

 dark-coloured, and bears fresh patches of marine incrustation, and 

 may have come from the ' oyster-bed' of Mundesley and Happisburgh. 



Figs. 4 and 4 a. — Elephas meridionalis. The last milk molar of 

 the lower jaw, left side. The crown is worn, and comprises eight 

 ridges. The ends and sides of the crown are partly injured. In 

 mineral condition it is black and heavy, but free from patches of 

 marine incrustation. It is supposed by Mr. Samuel Woodward to have 

 been procured from the coast (Norwich Museum, No. 10). The 

 dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 39 in. Width of crown in front, T4in. Width of crown at 

 sixth ridge, 2-0 in. Height of crown at seventh ridge, 2 - l in. 



molars were identical with those of E. 

 meridionalis, he had, in order to prevent 

 confusion, continued in the subsequent 

 plates the nomenclature adopted in the 

 earlier ones, intending to give a full ex- 

 planation of the whole in the letter- 

 press, and he concludes as follows : — ' I 

 beg leave to explain now that all the 

 plates bearing the name of E. meridion- 

 alis in the " Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis," 

 including the outline figures of crania in 

 Plate xlii., belong to E. antiquus, while 

 those that bear the latter name belong to 

 E. (Loxodon) meridionalis. In the descrip- 

 tions which follow they will be cited as 

 such. 5 — Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc, August, 

 1865, p. 281. According to this correc- 

 tion, all the figures in Plate xiv.B., except 

 10. 17. and 18. should belong to E. anti- 

 quus, although mostly from the Crag 



and some even from the Val d'Arno ! 

 The correction, moreover, is incom- 

 patible with the description and identifi- 

 cation of every figure in Plate xiv. B., 

 given in a subsequent part of the same 

 memoir, and extracted above, according 

 to which every figure in the plate, with 

 the single exception of fig. 16, belongs 

 to E. meridionalis. The fact is that the 

 descriptions in Dr. F.'s memoir on Ele- 

 phant were taken, in Hoi, from a proof 

 copy of the plate, in which all the figures 

 were designated E.an tiquus, but that in the 

 plate as published in 1847, Dr. F. had 

 actually corrected the designations of 

 most of the figures. 



The proof copy has been deposited in 

 the Library of the Geological Depart- 

 ment of the British Museum. — [Ed.] 



