DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 25 



The ' ridge-formula' in these specimens yields the same ciphers as 

 are found to hold in the Italian specimens ; and they agree in the 

 other characters of a broad crown, with low ridges and thick plates of 

 enamel. 



Figs. 5 and 5 a. — Elephas meridionalis. A finely preserved entire 

 specimen of the antepenultimate or first true molar, lower jaw, left side, 

 composed of eight principal ridges, with front and back talons. The 

 six anterior ridges are worn. The discs of the first three ridges are 

 wide and open, but irregularly indented, with a tendency to mesial 

 expansion, and surrounded by margins of thick enamel, which is 

 vertically channelled externally, and slightly crimped ; the posterior 

 ridges show the apices of six or seven digitations ; the interspaces filled 

 with cement between the ridges are open, and the ridges well apart. 

 The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 5 - 3 in. Width in front, 1-6 in. Width behind, 2'3 in. Height 

 of the seventh plate, 25 in. 



One of the distinctive characters of the species, namely, the low 

 height of the crown in reference to the breadth, is well exhibited. 

 The specimen is dark-coloured and heavy, from ferruginous infiltration. 

 It was discovered at Mundesley, and belonged to Mr. S. Woodward 

 (Norwich Museum, No. 8). 



Figs. 6 and 6 a. — Elephas meridionalis. Another left lower ante- 

 penultimate true molar of a larger individual, and more advanced in 

 wear. The crown presents a front talon and eight ridges, all of them 

 worn ; the discs are wide and open, and the vallecular interspaces 

 are also wide ; the enamel edges thick, and in some of the plates 

 disposed to slight crimping, with irregular angular expansion. The 

 annular discs of the seventh ridge are of large size. This tooth bears 

 the large anterior fang. It is a very characteristic specimen of E. 

 meridionalis. The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 55 in. Width of crown at second ridge, 2-2 in. Width of 

 crown behind, 2'65 in. Height of crown at seventh ridge, barely worn, 2'0 in. 



The specimen is hard, heavy, and dark -coloured, and is marked as 

 having come from Mundesley (Norwich Museum, No. 7). 



Figs. 7 and 7 a. — Elephas meridionalis. A fragment comprising 

 the anterior two-thirds of the penultimate or second true molar of the 

 lower jaw, right side. It includes seven worn ridges. The discs of 

 wear are wide, and separated by broad bands of cement ; the rings of 

 the digitations are large ; the plates of enamel are thick, with angular 

 flexures and deep channelling on the outer surface, but free from 

 crimping. The specimen is black and heavy, and bears patches of 

 marine incrustation. The dimensions are : — 



Extreme length, 5 - 2in. Width of crown at second ridge, 2-3 in. Width of 

 crown at seventh ridge, 2 - 9 in. 



No note was taken of the height of the last ridge. The specimen is 

 without fangs, and, although distinctly of E. meridionalis, the number 

 of ridges to the entire crown is not shown. This also belonged to Mr. 

 S. Woodward, and is now in the Norwich Museum (No. 13), It has 

 all the mineral appearance of the Mundesley and Happisburgh beds. 



Figs. 8 and 8 a. — Elephas meridionalis. The anterior portion of a 

 lower right molar, comprising the remains of six well-worn ridges. It 

 is figured to show the angular flexures that are sometimes seen when 



