DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 27 



for the breadth of the crown ; it is understood to have been derived 

 from the ' Oyster-bed ' of Mundesley or Happisburgh. The dimensions 

 are : — 



Length of crown, 8 - 2 in. Width, -i - 3 in. 



I regard it as being of E. meridionalis. — H.F. 1857. 



Figs. 14 and 14 a. — Elephas meridionalis. The crown of a fine last 

 upper molar, left side, of a very old animal, and in an advanced stage 

 of wear. There are nine ridges remaining, the first five of which are 

 ground down into transverse discs ; the posterior four exhibit rings that 

 are not confluent. There is a talon behind enveloped by cement. In 

 front of the first remaining disc there is a broad depressed surface of 

 ivory, indicating the position of two or three worn-out discs in front. 

 The discs are expanded, with a slight tendency to a crescentic bend, 

 the cornua being bent forwards. The plates of enamel are very thick, 

 and deeply channelled exteriorly, so that there is a spurious appearance 

 of crimping on that surface ; but the edges in contact with the cores of 

 ivory are unplaited. The specimen in its mineral condition is black 

 and heavy. It is understood to have belonged to Woodward (Norwich 

 Museum, No. 10). The dimensions are : — 



Length of crown, 9 - 2 in. Width of crown at second remaining ridge, 3 - 6 in. 



The antero-posterior convexity of the grinding surface determines 

 the tooth to be an upper molar. (Keproduced in Plate VIII. of vol. ii.) 



Figs. 15 and 15 a. — Elephas meridionalis. A very remarkable 

 fragment of upper molar, of enormous width. It is worn down close to 

 the base, the grinding surface being somewhat convex from front to 

 rear. The remains of seven discs of wear are visible. They are 

 irregularly expanded, and the surrounding plates of enamel are thick 

 and deeply channelled on the outer surface, but with only a very slight 

 amount of crimping. The specimen is dark and heavy, and patched 

 over with fresh marine incrustations. From Happisburgh (Norwich 

 Museum, No. 13). The dimensions are : — 



Length of the fragment, o - 4 in. Width of crown, 4-9 in. ! 



Figs. 16 and 16 a. — Elephas antiquus. ' The same plate, XIV. B., con- 

 tains a representation, fig. 16, of an entire upper molar, comprising from 

 sixteen to seventeen ridges within an extent of eleven inches. Only 

 three of the anterior ridges are worn, the rest being intact. I now 

 regard it as a molar of E. (Euelephas) antiquus, and not of E. 

 meridionalis.'' — H.F. 1857. (Norwich Museum.) Believed to be the 

 last true molar, upper jaw, right side, from its triangular form and the 

 way in which the ridges fall off in height very rapidly behind. 



Height at fourth plate, 6 - 8 in. Height at posterior ridge, 28 in. Width of 

 crown in front, 3 "5 in. 



Figs. 17 and 17 a. — Elephas meridionalis. A Val d'Arno lower 

 molar of the same age, from Dr. Buckland's collection in the Oxford 

 Museum, crown side. 



Length of crown, 10- in. Width of crown, 3*4 in. Height of crown, 5" in. 



Figs. 18 and 18 a. — Elephas meridionalis. 'The finest detached 

 molar of this species that has come under my observation is a specimen 

 which was discovered in the " Mammalliferous Crag " on the Thorpe 

 Road, near Norwich, by Mr. Prestwich. The authority of so eminent 

 and accurate a geologist is a sufficient guarantee for the locality and 



