DESCRIPTION OF PLATES. 31 



Figs. 2 and 2 a.—E. insignis. Third milk molar, upper jaw, in situ, 

 in same young skull as fig. 1. Length, 4-8 in. — B.M. 



Fig. 8. — E. insignis. Vertical section of third milk molar, in situ, 

 in a very young cranium, which also contains first and second milk 

 molars (rig. 1) and penultimate tusk on left side. — B.M. 



Figs, 4 and 4 a. — E. insignis. Fragment of skull, showing palate, 

 Avith two molars on either side ; the first (third milk) molars well worn. 

 The first true molar has seven ridges and a heel. — B.M. 



Figs. 5 and 5 a. — E. insignis. Fragment of upper jaw with two 

 molars. Very similar to specimen of E. insignis (PI. XXIV. fig. 6). 

 The molars are first and second true. — B.M. 



Figs. 6 and 6 a. — E. insignis. Portion of fine head with two back 

 molars. A small piece only of the front tooth remaining. The last 

 tooth has eleven ridges and a heel and a great abundance of cement ; 

 the five front ridges are worn. The fossa between the tusk-sheaths is 

 very deep and narrow, as in the other specimens of this species, an 

 outward twist in the sheaths marking the curvature of the tusks. — B.M. 



Length of the two teeth, 12*5 in. Length of last tooth only, 1 1 • in. ; width, 3 - 8 in. 

 Interval between teeth in front, 1*2 in. Interval at niche behind, 4 - 7 in. Height 

 of pterygoids to palate, 10"4 in. 



Fig. 7. — E. insignis. Transverse section of young tusk in situ, in 

 same cranirun as figs. 1, 2, and 3. 



Plate XIX. A. 



Figs. 1 and 1 a. — Elephas insignis. Fragment of upper jaw with 

 two molars ; the front one much worn ; the last has seven ridges. 

 Very doubtful whether they are the second and third milk molars, or 

 the third milk and first true molar ; in all probability the latter. — B.M. 



Length of front tooth, 36 in. Width, 1/8 in. Length of back tooth, 5 - 5 in. 

 Width, 27 m. 



Figs. 2 and 2 a. — E. insignis. Portion of small head, showing palate 

 with two last molars on both sides. The front tooth has seven ridges, 

 all worn but the last ; the last has eleven ridges and a front and back 

 heel, and its plates are very compressed, showing nine to ten denticles. 

 —B.M. 



Length of penultimate, 6'6 in. Width, 3'1 in. Length of last tooth, 11*3 in. 

 Width, 3-4 in. 



Figs. 3 and 3 a. — E. insignis. Portion of very large skull. In this 

 splendid specimen some of the characteristic marks of the species are 

 shown, and especially the enormous height of the pterygoids, which are 

 10"2 inches from the Vidian hole to the summit, wrap over the maxil- 

 laries, and run up forming a very strong crested ridge into the base of 

 the orbit. Posteriorly, they form a flat disc-like surface, 3*8 inches 

 broad. There are also the indications of very deep trunk fossa. The 

 last left molar has nine ridges and a heel ; a portion in front has dropped 

 out. The corresponding tooth on right side is very imperfect B.M. 



Length of last molar, 107 in. Width at fifth ridge, 4 4 in. Interval between 

 teeth in front, 2 - 5 in. Interval between teeth behind, 4-5 in. Length of palate, 

 from niche to commencement of diasteme, 12'3 in. Height of pterygoids, 10 - 2 in. 

 Width of pterygoids outside, 95 in. Width of flattened surface of pterygoids, 

 3-8 in. 



Figs. 4 and 4 a. — E. insignis. This, though mutilated, is a superb 

 and characteristic specimen of the skull. It shows the concavity of the 



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