34 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



Length of cranium from occipital protuberance to the end of incisive, left side 

 (four feet exactly), 48 - in. From occipital condyles to left side, 39 - in. From 

 occipital condyles to anterior border of molar alveolus, 25 - 5 in. Vertical height 

 from condyles to sinciput, 24 - 5 in. Diameter across the occipital condyles, 9'2 in. 

 Antero-posterior diameter of left condyle, 5'1 in. Transverse diameter of right 

 condyle, 3 - 8o in. Transverse diameter of occipital foramen, 3 - in. Antero-posterior 

 diameter of occipital foramen, 3-1 in. From the surface occipital bulge plane to 

 anterior entire margin of naso-maxillary sinus, 19'lin. Semi-diameter of widest 

 part of occipital (making total of occiput, 29"2in.), 14-6 in. Semi-diameter 

 (transverse) of naso-maxillary sinus (entire diameter restored, estimated 16 - in.), 

 7 '9 in. Interval between naso-maxillary sinus and post orbital margin of frontal r 

 4 - 5o in. Mesial width across forehead from post-orbital process to inner mar- 

 gin of incisive, left side, 13 - 1 in. (Width of forehead at this part restored, 

 26 - 2o in.) From tip of post-orbitary process to surface of occipital, 17'75 in. 

 From tip of incisives outside to post-orbitary process, 30 - 7oin. Length of 

 incisive to margin of naso-maxillary sinus, 31" in. Depth of zygomatic fossa, 4 - 25 

 in. Estimated width of cranium between middle of zygomatic fossse, 19 - 5 in. 

 Height from lower margin of auditory foramen to the summit of sinciput, 18' in. 

 Depth or height of cranium from the posterior margin of molar alveolus (back 

 part of palate) to the summit of sinciput, 32 - in. Depth from posterior and upper 

 margin occipital foramen to posterior margin molar alveolus, 9 - 5 in. Height of 

 the orbit, 8'78 in. Length of anterior portion of the palate, from anterior end of 

 molar alveolus to tip of incisive, 16 - in. Transverse diameter, left incisive at tip, 

 ll'oin. (Estimated width of both incisives at tip, 24- in.) Vertical diameter of 

 left incisive at tip, 106 in. Vertical height of sub-orbitary foramen, left, 3 - 85 in. 

 Width of incisive at contraction below sub-orbitary foramen, 10 - 75 in. Width of inci- 

 sive sheath at sub-orbitary foramen, 7'5 in. (Estimated width of both incisive sheaths 

 at sub-orbitary foramen, 21 - 5in.) Interval between the posterior molars, anterior 

 end (width of palate in front), 2 - 7in. Interval behind, 3-25 in." Length of right 

 molar (backmost), 11*9 in. Width of right molar in front, 4 - 05 in. Width of right 

 molar behind, 5- in. Vertical height from posterior outer margin of molar alveolus 

 to post-orbitary process, 21- in. Interval between outer surfaces of the molars at 

 fifth ridge from front, 12'6 in. Antero-posterior diameter auditory foramen, 

 1*15 in. Transverse diameter auditory foramen, l'in. Estimated height of occiput 

 at restoration from lower surface of condyles to sinciput, 24-5 in. Length of left 

 tusk outside the incisive sheath, measured along lower surface, 10 ft. 6 in. Length 

 of left tusk, inside sheath, 2 ft. 3 in. to 2 ft. 4 in. Estimated total length, 12 ft. 



9 in. Total length of head from occipital protuberance to tip of tusk, 4 ft. + 



10 ft. 6 in. = 14| ft. Length of right tusk, 10 ft. 8^- in. Interval between the tusks 

 at emergence from incisive sheath, 6 - in. Interval between the tusks at nearest 

 appi-oximation, at 3 ^ ft. from incisive, 3 - 5 in. Divergence at tips, 5 ft. 3j in. as 

 restored. Height of versed sine of curve from tip to incisive border, right side, 

 23' in. Height of versed sine of curve, from tip to incisive border, left side, 23- in. 

 Vertical diameter left tusk (14- in. from base) where greatest, 9 - in. Transverse 

 diameter, left tusk, at ditto. 7"9in. Girth of left tusk, at ditto, 26- in. 



Plate XXII. 



Fiff. 1. — Elephas Ganesa. Lateral view of large skull figured in 

 PL XXL— LUL 



Fig. 2. — E. Ganesa. Palate view of same skull. The right in- 

 cisive is seen in section. The posterior true molar is seen on either 

 side of palate. It has ten plates and a heel behind, and a small talon 

 in front ; the hind heel has few denticles ; the four front ridges are 

 worn. The alveoli are parallel as in the Mammoth. — B.M. 



Fig. 3. — E. Ganesa. Sketch showing restoration of skull, with 

 tusks, of E. Ganesa, profile view, one-thirteenth of natural size. 



Plate XXIII. 

 Fig. 1. — Elephas Ganesa. Sketch showing restoration of skull, with 



