38 FAUNA ANTIQUA SIVALENSIS. 



Figs. 6 and 6 a. — E. Ganesa. Portion of lower jaw, left side, with 

 fragment of last true molar, showing anterior 9 ridges. 



Length of tooth fragment, 9 - 3 in.; greatest width, 3 - 8 in. 



Figs. 7 and 7 a. — E. Ganesa. Lower jaw, right side, with last molar. 

 Shows the back part of the tooth, on to the anterior large fang. — B.M. 



Length of fragment of jaw, 18" in. Length of fragment of tooth, 8'5 in. ; width, 

 3-3 in. 



Plate XXYI. 



Elephas bombifrons (Falc. and Caut.). From the Sewalik hills. 

 Anterior view of large head. — B.M. 



Extreme length from occipital to broken incisive, 34 - 2 in. Length from occi- 

 pital to commencement of diasteme, 32-2 in. Occiput to tips of nasals, 16 - 2 in. 

 Middle of naso-maxillary fissure, 14 - 7 in. Semi-diameter of brow at the post- 

 orbitary, 12 - 2 in. Width of brow at post-orbitary, 24'4 in. Width of muzzle at 

 contraction near orbitary foramen, 16 - 8 in. Width of inter-incisive fossa, 5'3 in. ; 

 depth of fossa below incisive sheaths, 6 - in. Greatest contraction of brow, 13 - 3 in. 

 Antero-posterior diameter of orbit, 6" in. Width of palate in front, 2- in. Width 

 of palate at middle, 4-5 in. Width of palate behind, 4 - 6 in. Height of pterygoid, 

 1T2 in. Transverse diameter of left tusk, 3 - 3 in. 



Plate XXVII. 



Elephas bombifrons (Falc. and Caut.). Very fine and perfect skull, 

 anterior view. Four other views of same skull are given in Plate 

 XXVIII. This head is very marked ; it is convex from occiput to 

 front and also across, and is very narrow at the temporal contraction. 

 The bounding ridges sweep round by a bold curve into the post- 

 orbitary processes, as in E. meridionalis. There is a deep furrow 

 between the tusks. The nasal opening for the trunk is above the 

 line (or nearly so) of the post-orbitary processes of the frontal bone. 

 Above the infra-orbitary foramen on the right side there is another 

 smaller opening. (On a proof copy of the plate this species is designated 

 Elephas intermedins, or Mastodon Elephantoides of Clift.)— -B.M. 



Extreme length from occiput to broken incisives, 27" in. Erom occipital condyles 

 to anterior border of alveolus of molar, 23 - 2 in. Vertical length of head from broken 

 condyle to tip of occiput, 17"7 in. Greatest width of occiput, 255 in. Interval 

 between auditory foramina, 21 - 5in. From anterior margin occipital foramen to 

 the posterior surface palate, 14- in. Length of palate from niche to the downward 

 bend of tusk-sheaths, 12 - 5 in. Interval between outer surface of teeth, behind, 9 - 8 in. 

 Int. between outer surf, teeth, in front, 9- in. Length of right molar, 10 - 2 in. Width 

 in front of molar, 3 - 7 in. Width behind, 3 - 4 in. Interval between molars, in front, 1 • in. 

 Interval behind, extremely divergent, 4-2 in. ; number of ridges 9 and a heel, 8 front 

 worn. From occiput (middle) to tip of nasals, 13-S in. Width of brow across post- 

 orbitary processes, 22 - 4in. Greatest contraction temporal fossa, 10'8in. Trans- 

 verse diameter nasal opening, 113 in. Depth of nasal opening at sides, 2-5 in. In- 

 terval between middle of orbits, 19'5 in. Vertical height of orbit, 4 - 6 in. Height 

 from posterior surface palate to the middle of bulge of frontal, 23'5 in. From the 

 anterior margin orbit to surface of occiput, 20 - in. Width across incisive sheaths 

 at base, 12 - 5in. ; interval between, about middle, 2 - 8in. Depth of fossa between 

 inc. sh., 4- in. Vertical diameter left tusk, 3 - 6 in. Transverse diameter of left 

 tusk, 3 - 3 in. 



Plate XXVIII. 



Fig. 1. — Elephas bombifrons. Lateral view of same skull, as figured 

 in Plate XXVII.— B.M. 



Fig. 2. — E. bombifrons. Palate view of same skull, showing sections of 

 tusks, and last ? true molar on either side, with 9 ridges and a heel ; 



