44 FAUNA ANT1QUA SIVALENSIS. 



to their height; the ridges are less elevated, and consist of a greater 

 number of coronal points, and the valleys are more open and trans- 

 verse (or interrupted only by an insignificant number of warty tuber- 

 cles) than in M. Sivalensis. 



Figs. 9 and 9 a. — Mastodon Perimensis (Falc. and Caut.). From 

 Perim Island. Portion of upper jaw, right side, with molar, present- 

 ing characters similar to those of M. Sivalensis and M. Arvernensis. 

 — B.M. 



Length, 6-3 in. Width, 3-3 in. 



Figs. 10 and 10 a. — M. Perimensis. Portion of lower jaw, left side, 

 with penultimate and last true molars. Presented by Miss Pepper to 

 B.M. 



Length of anterior molar, 4 - 8 in. Width, 2'6 in. Length of fragment of 

 posterior molar, 2"1 in. Width, 2-8 in. 



Figs. 11 and 11 a. — Fragment of lower jaw, with molar. 

 Length of tooth, 8"4 in. Width, 3-5 in. 



Plate XXXII. 



Mastodon Sivalensis (Falc. and Caut.). From the Sewalik hills; 

 anterior view. Three other views of same cranium in Plate XXXIII. 

 The brow is a little crushed between the temporals. The left tusk- 

 sheath is present, the right is withered ; there is distortion of the 

 tusk-sheaths in consequence. There is -an enormous and peculiar 

 projection of the lips of incisive anterior end of naso- maxillary fissure, 

 so as to project over the trunk, or inter-incisive fossa. This fossa is 

 very deep, enormously so. The depressions for the condyles of the 

 lower jaw are very vaulted. There are two infra-orbitary foramina on 

 the right side. The grinders are very much worn. On the left side 

 there would be five ridges, with a very complicated heel-series. Pos- 

 teriorly, the teeth show well the peculiar characters of Mastodon 

 Sivalensis. — B.M. (Eeproduced in Plate X.) 



Extreme length from occipital bnlge to tips of ineisives, 28*3 in. Width of occiput, 

 22"4 in. Height of occiput from plane of condyles, 19'0 in. Interval between 

 outer edge of condyles, 66 in. Vertical diameter of occipital condyle, 4 - in. 

 Transverse diameter occipital condyle, 2*7 in. Width of base of occiput, 2T0 in. 

 Transverse diameter oceip. foram. 2 - 9 in. Vertical diameter occip. for. 2 - 5 in. From 

 occiput to broken tips of nasals, 14-0 in. From occiput to anterior margin of orbit, 

 2T0 in. From anterior margin nasal opening to the tips of the incisive, 14 - in. 

 Width of brow between post-orbitary processes, 25 5 in. Width at contraction 

 between temporals, 11-6 in. Width of naso-maxillary (trunk) opening, 12 - in. 

 Depth of naso-max. op., lateral, 3'0 in. Vertical diameter orbits (nearly circular), 

 4 - 3 in. Transverse diameter orbits, 4 - 3 in. Interval between orbitary processes 

 of one orbit, 2 - 7 in. Width of forehead at anterior margin of orbit, 20"6 in. Con- 

 traction of muzzle at orbitary foramen, 13 - in. Depth of trunk fossa below brow, 

 9 - 8 in. Greatest interval between zygomatic arches, 22'0 in. From base of 

 zygomatic to top of occiput, 20"5 in. Depth of anterior orbitary process of 

 maxillary, 4 - 5 in. Height of skull from palate to top of occiput, 25 - in. From 

 posterior surface condyles to posterior surface palate, 16 - in. From pterygoid 

 proeessesto anterior margin of palate, 12 - 2in. Height of pterygoid, 10 - 3in. Distance 

 from molar to posterior surface of pterygoid, 4-2 in. Width of pterygoid above, 60 

 in. Width of pterygoid below, 7'5 in. Width of fissure (between pterygoids), 23 

 in. Length of palate at middle, 9-6 in. Width of palate between molars in front, 

 2-8 in. Width of palate between molars behind, 2 - 6 in. Length of left molar, 7'8 

 in. Width of left molar in front, 3-2 in. Width of left molar behind, 3 - 3 in. 

 Length of articulating condyles for lower jaw, 4"8 in. Greatest width of condyles 

 for lower jaw, 3 - in. 



