FOREST AND STREAM. 



95 



fittfttittg and §aafhtg. 



tOOfe WATEK FOTi TUB WEEK. 



Dale, 



Jitotvn. 



Hew Turk. 



eiutrkmu 



Feb. 23 



H. H. 



3 52 



•1 II 

 5 J 5 

 62 



7 67 



8 B3 



9 65 



H. M. 



SS A. M. 



1 3(1 

 8 31 



S SS 



■i 4;i 



a a: 



Mom' 

 1) .13 

 1 U 

 >i 51 



3 SO 



4 57 

 6 M 



Men. 1 



Mob. 2 '., ;..;. 



Moh. 8 



Mch. 4 



Muti. 



Mch. B " 



A RACING F1VE-TONNER. 



The Freda is a British five-ton racing cutter of the modern 

 type. She measures, according to Lloyd's Register, 31ft. 3in. 

 stem to post, on deck j 6ft. lin. beam, and 5ft. 2iu. hold. 

 Her length on water-line is therefore probably 80ft. Size, 

 30x6.1x5.2=930 ; sloop of same tonnage, say, 28x11.9x2.10= 

 We have before vis a handsome photograph of Freda, 

 which shows her to be a perfect little ship, high sided, with 

 an average free-board nearly equal to the entire depth of the 

 American model ; flush deck tore and aft, handsome sheer, 

 and as well proportioned a set of spars as we ever saw on any 

 yacht. In appearance she puts to shame the American sloop 

 of the same size, we will not say in outline, for that is largely 

 a matter of taste, but in spars, gear, fittings and completeness 

 she will be acknowledged very much ahead of our small 

 sloops. As she lies moored, she seems ready to sail at a 

 moment's notice, put light out to sea and take wind and 

 water just as they come without flinching. Imagine the la- 

 mentable figure a 28ft. jib-and-mainsail would cut alongside 

 of Freda in a breeze. Without a mountain of bags to wind- 

 ward, and a crew of a dozen or more, conditions altogether ;u 

 variance with the necessities of cruising, to say nothing of 

 rough water, our sloop would be slow, unhandy, helpless and 

 dangerous in the extreme. Surely we are putting the con- 

 trast between cutter and sloop of small tonnage in the true 

 light, for even our most inveterate champions and loyal 

 patriots will not for an instant maintain they can knock about 

 the coast in safety and comfort in a 28ft. sloop under racing 

 spars and canvas, yet that is just what Freda does year in 

 and year out, and wilh only one hand before the mast and her 

 owner aft 1 She is fast too, for not only does she make away 

 with her own class, but she tackles eight-tonnera with impuni- 

 ty, and works the open reaches and broads along the English 

 coast with the greatest ease in weather when we regret to con- 

 fess our yachts would incontinently capsize if they showed more 

 than a mitten to the breeze, and when sloops twice and thrice 

 the / m/i/ a tonnage would be compelled to idly swing to an 

 anchor, with a long scope, too. Of the little British crack, 

 Land and I Voter has the following : "In the South the 5-ton 

 racing might almost he described as ' Freda first, the rest no- 

 where,' for that little beauty as completely drove the 5-tonners 

 out of the field by her superior speed, as Miranda did the 

 schooners. Freda started ten times and won ten prizes of a 

 total value of £85, Light weather or hard made no differ- 

 ence to this perfect little ship, and as a racer or cruiser she 

 cannot be beaten, even if she can be equaled, which appears 

 to be somewhat doubtful." 



In an ace mat of her year's work in the London Field we 

 find much that will give an insight into her qualities as a 

 cruiser: "We (two hands) immediately set our spinnaker 

 carrying it as far as Blytke, where we took it in. One bears 



a great deal about the difficulty of setting a spinnaker, 



Though our ship's company consists of only two, all told, we 



seldom have any trouble with it 1 should mention 'that, 



when about to force a passage we always reef our bowsprit 



close in and set our third jib (we carry five) Though «t 



never set a large jib, we often set our bowsprit spinnaker and 



balloon When it does blow hard enough for two reefs we 



lower the foresail rather than shift jib. With a rattling breeze 

 from the south and west, the flood tide kicked up a nice tum- 

 ble from the Middle to the Sheers. At the Mouse we met the 

 first of the ebb. It being then two P. m., we had to realize 

 that it would be dark before we could get to the Jenkin, and 

 hence would have to beat up Sea Reach in the dark, a rather 

 gloomy lookout for a 5-tonner. However, there was nothing 

 to do but make the best of it ; so we (two hands all told ) at 

 once housed topmast and made a long board over the Mouse 



and Daze Sands The captain of one of the larger racing 



yachts regreted his davits had been left behind, otherwise he 

 would have hoisted us up. All the way up Sea Reach we 



worked short tacks At 10:30 p. m. let go our anchor 



in the Hope We carried our whole mainsail all day, 



which surprised every one, as Myosolia (40 tons), a 

 well as the tens and twenties, had no more canvas 

 set, and seemed to have quite enough." These 

 remarks will show the power of the long, easy form in wind- 

 ward work, and how well they carry their sail in a breeze. 

 Where would the American jib-and-mainsail have been had 

 she attempted to beat up the Reach with Freda? "lam 

 often asked how on earth we live or even sleep in such a 

 ■craft, and am seldom believed when I reply ' Very comfort- 

 ably.' When at anchor we usually spend our day much in 

 this way : Turn out at 6:30 a. m.; make up and stow away 

 blankets and bedding ; then have a tub on deck or overboard, 

 wash and dress, which brings us to 7 a. m., when we scrub 

 decks and copper and chamois round, which takes us to 8:30 ; 

 then the mate goes below and gets breakfast ready, while I 

 coil up ropes and clean the brass-work. After breakfast we 

 clean the vessel out below, see to the hundred and one things 

 on board a racer that require continually looking after, till 

 dinner time, 2 p. m ; after which there is little to do till tea 

 time— 6 p. m. — and less after that meal till we turn in. Our 

 cabin has two sofas, one having a leaf like a table, which, 



when put up, makes a wide, comfortable bed Pillow, rugs 



and bedding are strapped up in the morning and stowed 

 away in the sail-room, which is large enough to hold all such 

 things, besides five jibs, mainsail, trysail, three topsails, jib 

 topsail and two spinnakers 1" 



We might go on quoting to show that, all in all, Freda of 

 fere comfort and stowage much in excess of our shallow 

 sloops, whose room, except in the cock-pit, amounts practi- 

 cally to nothing more than small lockers. Fancy stowiug 

 Freda's racing sails, gear, and even a collapsable boat, below 



decks on the ir '/'. Zee, W. ft. Ilrmnn, or Craft of that size. 

 "b a cabin trunk over the major part of the cockpit! Can 

 1 make the superior t,y of the small colter as a 

 Cruising craft of good speed any plainer? In face of these 

 facts, is there any one who would rather make a cruise around 

 Long Island, to Block Islaud. the Vineyard, New Bedford, 

 Washington or Norfolk in a sloop with 9ft. of length below 

 a house and not more than 3ft. head room between decks, 

 than sail in a sea-going little ship like Freda ? Then why 

 not take to the cutter ? 



WINTER LECTURES OF THE SEA- 

 WANHAKA YACHT CLUB— No. 2. 



By A. Cakey Smith, Esq., S. Y. C., N. Y. C. 



TDK COX8TBU0TI0N OF 0ENTBH-BOAKD YACHTS. 



THE first point to bo considered is the position of the 

 centre-board. As the board has great influence on the 

 performance of the boat, it is important to place it so that 

 the various centres shall come nearly m the same plane. To 

 effect this, the centre of lateral resistance of Ihe hull shou'd 

 coincide with the centre of buoyancy ; the centre of lateral 

 resistance of the hoard should be very near the same place, 

 and may be aft of that point with advantage. 



Almost all boats are found to perform better with a "skag" 

 put on, showing plainly that the board was placed too far 

 forward. Had not this error beeu committed, the skag might 

 have been dispensed wilh and friction saved. The skag on 

 tbe Madcap has a surface of 16 sq. ft., and is added at the 

 deepest part of the boat, offering much ueedless resistance. 

 As an example of the amount, we can refer to practice. 

 When lead was doubled on to the keel of Vindex, though 

 only 8ib. thick-, with ends tapered down, it interfered per- 

 ceptibly with her running fast, simply on account of increased 

 resistance. Not only do we gain by dispensing with skags, 

 but also by doing away with long bowsprit, rendering the 

 boat easier in her motions. The best working boats will be 

 found those most perfectly balanced. 



In connection with the practical construction of centre- 

 board boats, let us refer to the example of a little sloop, 30ft. 

 water line— about the smallest size that can afford any degree 

 of comfort for cruising. 



The keel itself should be lOxlOin., left solid in wake of the 

 trunk, and forward and aft of that a slot is sawed out hori- 

 zontally for the floor timbers to reeve through. The portion 

 left above will serve as keelson ; the part below as keel ; 

 while the frames are nipped in between. The forward end 

 may be left the size the timber will work to, and the stem 

 tailed on with a toDgue and bolted through. Aft the post is 

 mortised to the keel and the dead wood built up. In wake 

 of the trunk, the timbers are secured with a tennon of dove- 

 tail shape. A yellow pine wedge driven in at the sides will 

 make a strong fastening. The rabbet should be taken out of 

 the solid wood in the style of a " back rabbet." When the 

 garboard is put on in this way the seam can always be reached 

 to calk without the cotton being forced through. The 

 frames should be in one piece of natural crook, and may be 

 quite light when the plank is worked in one clear length and 

 riveted through the timbers. 



Ihe keelson being bolted through the floor limbers and 

 well into the keel, the boat may take the ground with impu- 

 nity, and wrench off any ordinary centre-board without ma- 

 ferial damage. The well, or trunk, should be made up of 2i 

 in. pine, bolted together with "blunt bolts," |in, diam., 

 spaced about 12in. By this system the first seam is brought 

 above the floor timhers, and can be reached at any time with 

 a calking iron, and a new trunk put in without disturbing 

 anything else. All panels and casings should be put in place 

 with brass screws, so as to be readily removed should the 

 trunk need re-calking. If a solid log of sufficient scantling 

 cannot be procured, a piece of lin. flitch may be used and a 

 trunk log put on Oin. or 8iu. thick, passing beyond the length 

 of the centre-board slot about 3ft. at each end. This thick 

 piece may be let through the slot in the keel by having a lip 

 in. thick on its inside. This will bring the 

 seam of the lower part of the trunk outside where it 

 can always be got at. flannel or baize, soaked in white lead, 

 should be put between keel and trunk log when ready to bolt, 

 and "stop waters" driven at the ends of the slot. The keel- 

 son in this case is put in separate. The ends of the trunk are 

 formed by vertical pieces termed head pieces, the forward one 

 should run up and fake ahold of a deck beam, and, if possible, 

 tbe beams which cross the trunk should be boiled down into the 

 latter. The centre-board for a boat of this size should be built 

 of half- seasoned yellow pine, being stiller when water soaked 

 than oak. Bolt with \ inch blunt bolts ranged " brick work" 

 fashion and about 12 inches apart. The lowest tier of wood 

 may be oak, as it wears better in sand or stones. When often 

 taking the ground it is best not to shoe with iron, as tbe sand 

 wears away the wood and cuts through just above the iron 

 very fast. But for deep water always strap with metal or 

 sheath edges with 3-10 inch iron, riveted through with j inch 

 iron. Lead on the top will make the board sink quicker. 



If we now pass on lo a larger vessel of 40 to 50 ft. length, 

 keel and keelson cannot auy longer be cut out of one and the 

 same log. The midship length containing the slot is made to 

 run beyond the slot, and the keelson scarphed to it at both 

 ends. In other respects the trunk and frames are fitted as be- 

 fore described. The rabbet should come well down on the 

 keel as far as the limited dead rise will allow. 



This type of boat, with good freeboard, can be made to com- 

 bine speed with fair seagoing qualities if not heavily rigged or 

 driven. There is a boat 50 ft. long and about 13 ft. wide, 

 called the Golwell, that " runs the beach" with oysters and 

 works up in bad weather as well as many larger boats. Such 

 boats can, on account of light draft, make every harbor on the 

 coast. Tbe Admiral, about 00 ft long, runs the coast in all 

 weathers and steers very easily. Her jU> can be furled and she 

 will come about or jibe under mainsail only. Her board is 

 well alt : she has very little fore-foot and large drag. 

 We will now consider yachts of 80 ft. and over. Joints in 

 should be brought under the deadwood, so as to keep 

 the amidships as solid as possible, The trunk is built up in 

 the same manner as before described. On each side of the 

 trunk sister-keelsons are often worked to keep the former from 

 working laterally. The same may be effected by working 

 knees in wake of the trunk over each floor, saving room there- 

 by for stowage of ballast. A stout beam is also worked across 

 at each end of the trunk at the height, of the cabin floor, with 



the end pieces jogged in and secured. In large yachts of 

 100 feel and over the keel must needs be made in three lengths, 

 bringing a joint under each deadwood. A shoe is always put 

 on in large vessels lo take tbe wear of grounding, docking, 

 etc. In wake of the trunk the heels of the first fuitoeks are 

 mortised in as usual and a sister keelson laid over them. lu 

 some cases the trunk log is placed on the side of the keel, 

 thereby leaving the keel intact, and any strain on the keel is 

 not transferred directly to the trunk. 



In large vessels experience would seem to indicate little dif- 

 ference between the speed of keel or centre-board vessels, ex- 

 cepting in short work, where the latter have a slight advantage. 

 In the match between Dauntless anrl Mohawk the former had 

 much the better form and finally won, though she was beaten 

 to windward, outcarried and outsailed, and Moha/wkhaA only 

 40 tons of ballast below to trim her with, it would seem, 

 then, that in very large yachts beam is better than ballast, at 

 all events as long as full sail can be carried. The Sappho also 

 showed this in England, when she carried only as much bal- 

 last as an English vessel 40 ft. shorter. 



When we remember the numerous fleet of coasters that have 

 to keep the sea in all weather, often without ballast, in good 

 or bad trim, we are led to thiuk that the centreboard will hold 

 ils own on our coast on account of our lack of water. A deep 

 boat with a centre-board may be made to combine speed and 

 safety ; the long cruises of the Palmer aDd Idler are cases In 

 point, and yet these vessels have their share of plate to show 

 that they are not lacking in the coveted qualities of the "mug; 

 hunter." 



YACHTING NEWS. 



Seawanhaka Yaiutt Cum.— The third lecture of the series- 

 given under the auspices of this club will be delivered at Del- 

 monico's, New York, Saturday, March 8. The subject will 

 be " Yacht's Iron Work," by Robt. Center, Esq., whose long: 

 and varied experience in building, fitting and sailing yachts, 

 entitles him to speak with authority on such topics. The- 

 leclures have been well attended, and besides being instruc- 

 tive in their nature have formed pleasant reunions of the club 

 and its friends during the dreary winter months. 



Nova Scw'iia Yacht Souadron. — The annual olection of 

 Ihe squadron took place Feb. 14. The committee of manage- 

 ment made a very favorable report concerning finances und 

 membership. His Excellency the Marquis of Lome, Gover- 

 nor-General, accepted the post of Commodore, viceRight Ron. 

 the Earl ol'Dufferin. Vice-Commodore— Lieut. E. R. Hussey, 

 R. E., Seafoam, schooner, and Mtita, sloop. Rear-Commo- 

 dore—James W. Stairs, Carrie, steamer. Honorary Secretary 

 — F. C. Sumichrast, Y. R. A., Mystery, sloop. Committee o 

 Management— The Flag Officers and Hon. Secretary, ex qffkioi 

 S. A. White, Kestrel, yawl ; F M. Passow, Bertha, cutter ; 

 J. E. Butler, Hebe, sloop ; H. St. G. Twining, Spray, sloop :, 

 ond D. C. Chalmers, Fiona, sloop. Sailing Committee— The- 

 Flag Officers and Hon. Secretary, eatrffiko, Lieut. Col. H. W. 

 Gierke ; D. Cronau, Albatross, schooner ; Lieut. C. C. Carter;, 

 B. E., Seafoam, schooner; W. H. Weeks, M. D , Lily, sloop-: 

 and G. A. Black, Petrel, sloop. Measurers— J. E. Butler and! 

 W. H. Troop. A vote of thanks to Mr. F. C. Sumichrast, 

 Honorary Secretary, for his exertions to promote 

 the success of the squadron, was adopted by acclama- 

 tion. We may add that the vote was a well deserved 

 tribute to a gentleman to whom yachting in Nova Scotia owes 

 much of its present Corinthian spirit and thorough organiza- 

 tion. The following members were added to tbe list : Mr. D. 



B. Robertson, Dauntless, sloop, 24 tons, Commodoie Bay of 

 Quinte Yacht Club, and Mr. R. J. Bell, Kathleen, sloop, 10 

 tons. Secretary B. Q. Y. C, honorary members ; and Mr. O. 

 E. Brown, JHymplum, yawl, and Capt. Cautley, 97th Regi- 

 ment, Osprey, schooner, ordinary members' 



Buffalo Yacht Club. — Two gentlemen are now negotiat- 

 ing with Hingstou for the purchase of the new craft, before 

 noted in these columns. She is said to be a New York model, 

 50 feet, long, 13 feet beam, centre-board, standing cabin, two 

 headsails. It is expected that she will be added to the fleet. 

 1 teetmng is having an overhanging stern added. Sloop Arrow. 

 Mr. J, E. Bowen, is receiving an overhauling. Chilcolt's new 

 schooner is rapidly approaching completion, and is going to be 

 a very handsome vessel. She will be canvassed by Com. J. 

 S. Provost, which is equivalent to saying that she will have a 

 fine suit as flat as the proverbial board. Considerable activity 

 is noticeable among yachtsmen, in spite of the backward 

 season, 



San Frakoihoo Yacht Club.— Among other talent the 

 club contains is Captain E. Moody au artist of no little fame. 

 The cuts which embellish the club hook are from his hands 

 we believe, and engraved by him on copper in a manner 

 creditable to the club. 



Thk New Ibon Sloop.— Work on Mr. Busk's new iron 

 sloop is progressing at Wilmington, Del. She has in her 

 model many of the most salient points of a good design, so far 

 as they can be engrafted upon a beamy, light draught sloop. 

 No forefoot, IT frames all through, and' easy lines. Her ad-- 

 vent among the racers will be looked forward to with keen> 

 interest. She has been built of iron to withstand the terrible: 

 wrenching strains the wide sloop is subject to in rough water . 

 something difficult to obtain in a wooden hull in connection! 

 with lightness. Special precautions will be taken to obtain ai 

 smooth skin. 



Tbe Eastern Outlook.— We are informed ;that a very 

 lively season is expected iu Eastern waters; one that will sur- 

 pass even last year in the number of events. When it is borne 

 iu mind that many New York vessels have been bought by 

 Eastern gentlemen, and will hereafter hail from Boston and 

 vicinity, we can well imagine that a lively time is iu store 

 Taralintix., Fyeriti, Mela, Sea Witch, Ad'die V., aud many 

 others, have found new owners in the East. On the contrary 

 but for the efforts of the Sewanhaka Yacht Cluh in New York' 

 things here have a very dull aspect indeed, especially in the 

 apathy of our two largest clubs ; something never before 

 equaled in their history. One of them seems almost ready to 

 striKe colors and die of sheer ennui. 



Dokchestek Yaoht Club.— Messrs. King and Clark, of the 

 Dorchester Yacht Club, formerly owners of the fast cat-rie 

 Psyche, have purchased of Mr. Geo. T. Bigelow of the 

 Quincy Yacht Club, the sloop yacht Waif, She is a hand- 

 some, well-built craft of 33ft., built by Mr. W F Maybury 

 of Quincy Point, and will be represented in the Dorchester 

 Beverly, Nahasset and Quincy yacht clubs. Messrs. K and 



C. have not fully decided to race her a great deal this season • 

 but it they do, there can be no doubt of their success. 



Beveklx Yacht Cldb.— The annual meeting of the Bever- 

 ly Yacht Club was held on the 22d inst. There was a full at- 

 tendence. The reports of the secretary and treasurer showed 

 again iu the number of members and in the number and qual- 

 ity of the yachta enrolled in the club, as well as a pecuniary 



