Premising that trout frequently hook themselves, it is 

 alike true that many are missed through lack of skAU. A ma- 

 jority of those who are deservedly regarded as good fishermen 

 make the oast -well, the line and leader extended straight out 

 on the water far in front, and the rod at an angle of 45 de- 

 grees. The angler is on the alert, and a rise to the fly is seen. 

 Just at this exciting and critical moment he gives the rod a 

 strong, rp lick jerk upward and backward. This is no '- 

 proper method- See its disadvantages (assuming that you 

 have missed hooking the fish ) : The fly has been twitched far 

 away from the game, t be line slackened, the rod brought, back 

 over the shoulder, and the cast has been lost, ; the line musi 

 lie recovered, and a new cast made. Besides, you have strained 

 your tackle, and if by chuuee von bad hooked the fish, quite 

 likely the fly u ■ , orn from its mouth. Whet her 



this movement be effected by the bend of the wrist or elbow, 

 the effect is the same. YOU have had to lift, and then to 

 check the movement of I he rod. The rod, being limber, has 

 borne> wave-motion, up and down, from the hand to its tip, 

 and vibrating there, like a pendulum, it has not made a direct, 

 instantaneous and sure movement of the fly. All this requires 

 time; and meanwhile 1 he trout may have taken the fly (with 

 a full quantity of water) into its mouth, detected the cheat, 

 disgorged it, and taken a distaste for that fly for the length of 

 his memory (about rive minutes). 



The better method is this : Imagine again all the circum- 

 stances, as above stated, when the rise is seen and the fly is 

 in the mouth of the Bsh. Now, what is the object, to he at- 

 tained? It is, that by a movement of the rod (it cannot be 

 done too soon, but it may be too strong) the fly may bo moved 

 toward you a few- inches, which is quite enough, so as to 

 fasten itself in the mouth. It is best done in this" way : Turn 

 the hand outward, so as to move the lip of the rod about three 

 feet to the right and about one foot to the rear (one inclined 

 movement). ~ If you then feel the hook catch, all right, take 

 your time. If not, observe the fly is still near the game, and 

 is likely to tempt it again, and you, too, and your rod, are 

 ready for him by another like movement of the hand ; and 

 even for a third time. Observe, too, you have saved your 

 strength and your tackle, and you have had all the chances of, 

 at, least, three casts. This hand-turn movement is easy and 

 circular, turning upon an axis, beginning at the centre of the 

 wrist and running straight through the centre of the band : 

 while the wrist or elbow-bend movement is angular and 

 fatiguing. By this hand-turn movement the wave-motion 

 aiding the rod does not occur, as in the other case. 



Take your bare rod in hand, or take even your walking- 

 slick, and try the two motions, and you will sec the difference. 

 Gentlemen accustomed to handle the sword, well understand 

 tins band turn movement, the en quavU, as well as the wrist- 

 bend, and their difference. 



Il is hardly necessary that I should say that this hand-turn 

 movement is nothing new, but old ; yet few have ever heard 

 it described, or mentioned even, otherwise than as a "pe- 

 culiar movement of the wrist, not easily explained, and only 

 to be acquired by practice." It is more expressive to call it a 

 hand-turn than a wrist-movemcut. Nelson Mkurill. 



COLORS OF ARTIFICIAL FLIES. 



Mrkiden, Conn., April 34, 1SJ9. 

 KnnOR Forest and Stream ; 



I noli ce in your issues ot last year as well as tlie present season, In 

 quoting the front, flies to lie used tn April, yon speak of some material? 

 tllat tliey are tnaile of which are quite new to me, although an oiil 

 country lly maker for the past thirty-six years or more, and if not over 

 troubling you, would take muuti pleasure in getting information of the 

 uunie. For Instance: 



The light claret gnat (the wings of one aox hyaline, of the other 

 ocherons). Please Blate what hyaliue and octierons are? Again: In the 

 dark claret gnat yon give for the wlnge, " sub-hyaline." In the gray 

 gnat joo quote dark fox fur. Is this the reddest part from an oM for, 

 or from the oat), which Is gray or slate color ; or is it taken from his 

 pate, or what part oi t,lic i lOdy— yonng fox or old one ? 



Hyaline and sub-hyaline are indefinite colors, the former 

 being the most decided of the two, and intend to apply to the 

 hues of the wings of the neuroptera, as of the domestic house- 

 fly. Ocherous means an indefinite tint approaching the yel- 

 low of ochre. Dark fox fur would apply to a color combin- 

 ing the shades of all the hues of the fur of the fox. The idea 

 of these indefinite hues is to imitate the uncertain tints of 

 nature which are constantly modified by the rays of light 

 which strike them. They are tints such as painters of 

 fish in particular have for so long a time endeavored in vain 

 to catch and convey to canvas. They are seen in the uncertain 

 shimmer of a midsummer atmosphere which the eye can 

 observe, but the memory cannot hold or transfer. 



pchting md §aitimg. 



HIGH WATER FOR THE WEEK. 



Datt. 



Boston. 



~Nev> York. 



Charleston 



May 1 



May a 



n. M. 



8 fiO 



7 48 

 S 41 



9 411 



10 3U 



11 as 

 W 20 



a. m. 



3 36 



4 34 



5 30 

 (1 2il 

 7 85 

 S 21 

 9 12 



i 4(i 



3 47 



May :< 



4 48 







May C 



7 83 



May 7 - 









YACHTING NEWS. 



Empire ( Haet.em ) Yacht Club. — The date for the annual 

 match of this club has been altered to Wednesday, June 11. 

 To sail over the regular club course of twenty-five miles, lo 

 and around the Gangway buoy. Officers of the. club have 

 hcen given in a previous issue, 



Boston Yacht Club.— This club is the oldest one in New 

 England waters, having been organized in lSfitiand chartered by 

 the State of Massachusetts twayeara later. The Boston Herald 

 says, that in 1834 there was an organization of some kind which 

 survived its birth only three years. If this be so, the Hub 

 may fairly claim the honor of having had the first yacht club 

 in America. The Boston Y. C. numbers 883 members, who 

 own 75 yachts and a club-house and piei at City Point. 

 Matches will be sailed June 21 and Sept. (J, with probably 

 some extra fixtures and an open or "union " match in addi- 

 tion. For officers of the club see issue of Feb. 0. 



Madison (Wis.) Items. — The boat yards at Freeman's Land- 

 ii'g, on Lake Mendola, present a lively appearance. This 

 beautiful lake has become the popular "lake since the enter- 

 prising Captain Freeman established himself at this point. 

 His steam yacht Mendota bus been refitted and will be launched 

 about May 1, with Captain Patterson in command. Mr. 

 McLeod, our leading builder, bus added Several fine boats to 

 Freeman's fleet, so that it at present consists of fifteen boats 

 and three yachts. Mr. McLeod bus also built several craft for 

 Major 0. G. Meyers and OoL Win. P. Vilas. The bunting 

 scow, Solid (Jottt fort, has been greatly improved. A few days 

 ago there was launched at Ibis pier a craft built, for Col. Wm, 

 F. Vilas, to be used as row or sailboat combined. If is 17ft. 

 long, 3ft. loin, wide, and 15iu. deep; supplied with jointed 

 masts. The body of the boat is of the fittest white pine. 

 Its finishing present red cedar, maple and cherry. The oar- 

 locks are silver-plated, and so are the belaying cleats. It 

 wasbuilt by McLeod & Freeman, and is pronounced the 

 best built boat in the West. On Mono's beautiful waters 

 Capt. BarneB lias refitted bis steamer as well as his other 

 boats. The new summer hotel erected on Lake Mono will be 

 opened for the reception of guests about the 15th, of June, 

 and will be under the management of Col. West, of the Park. 

 The place is beautiful, and will no doubt receive the hearty 

 patronage of the public. The Ton-ya-wa-lha Springs Hotel 

 will add much to the attraction or this city. Rover. 



Yawl and Cuitxu Bio. — " Bonge-Croix," in a most inter- 

 esting description of a erui-e from Halifax out to sea in rough 

 water, published in Bimt%ioi April, has the following in re- 

 lation to rigs " The wind still increased, and my longing to 

 have an English cutter or yawl under me increased with it, 

 for the unhandiness of the sloop rig became every moment 

 more and more ap[ arent." 



CmusiNG South. — As we have upon seveial occasions called 

 attention to the many advantages offered by Southern waters, 

 especially Chesapeake Bay, for cruising, we hear with pleas 

 ure that the cutter Muriel has sailed for those parts, with Nor- 

 folk, Va.) as her headquarters. This is the third craft now in 

 that neighborhood, the schooners Magic and Mela, of Boston, 

 with the cutter, making up the trio. 



The Kksoi.tjte.— Captain Dayton, who had charge of the 

 schooner Resolute on her extended cruise of 15,000 miles, be- 

 fore noticed, reports that since the schooner received a keel in 

 place of her board, he has found her to be one of the most 

 wcatherly cratt he ever sailed in. In Ibis connection it may 

 be mentioned that the schooner Palmer, Mr. Rutherford 

 Sluyvesant, N. Y. Y. O, is likewise being altered to a keel 

 vessel. Cabin accommodations will be re-arranged in conse- 

 quence. 



Mobe Naw Yachts. — Besides the new craft already men- 

 tioned in these columns, Smedley, foot of Smith street, South 

 Brooklyn, is building a sloop 38ft. long for J. and G. Fowler, 

 of St. Johns, New Brunswick. She will be christened Rosetla. 

 John Mumm, foot of Court street, Brooklyn, is building a 

 small craft of an experimental sort. She is 20ft. over all, 

 7ft. beam, and 3ft. 8in. deep. She will have a centreboard, 

 and SOOlhs. of the " superior " metal on her keel ; mast 21 ft. 

 above deck, bowsprit 7ft. lOin. outboard, boom 19ft. 3in., 

 and gaff 10ft. 4in. In Mumm's shop there is also an able and 

 roomy-looking centreboard sloop for sale, 82ft. long, 13ft. 

 beam, and 4ft. deep. Greater depth than hitherto customary 

 is gradually coming into use here, the increase, however, being 

 as yet more in the direction of greater freeboard than draft. 

 Lennox, foot of Thirty-fourth street, South Brooklyn, will fit 

 out the sloop be built two years ago for J. Buchanan Henry. 

 She will receive a 38ft mast, 18ft. bowsprit, 30ft. boom, and 

 18ft. gaff. 



PnoviDENiiE Yacht Ci.un.— The following officers have 

 been elected for the year : Commodore, Walter M. Greene ; 

 Vice-Commodore, Edwin N. Pettus ; President, Benjamin 

 Still well; Secretary and Treasurer, E. F. Dustin; Measurer, 

 A. M. Black; Trustees, E. J. Anderson, Benjamin Davis and 

 S. W. Cameron : Regatta Committee, E. F. Dustin, Benjamin 

 Blillwell, S. VV. Cameron, Benjamin Davis and E. J. Anderson. 



Kebls in run East.— Sloop Julia, at Harrison Square, Bos- 

 ton, and sloop Vioktla. at Smith Boston, have both shed their 

 centreboards and followed the fashion by coming out with 

 keels. 



The Yawl in England.— Says the London Field in speak- 

 ing of this rig i " However, in 1872 our eyes were opened as 

 to what might be done with the yaw] rig, when the lovely 

 Cori&ande made her appearance at Kyde inn. match. In fac , 

 Cowes folk and visitors to Cowes said she was the handsomest 

 craft Eatsey had ever built. Then, when under way, Cori- 

 sande \vas the beauty of the sea on, and her prowess in a 

 couple of matches was such as to make every yachl sman wish 

 he had a yawl such as the C'orisande. 2awlS became the 

 fashion aud the rage, and as Plorinda (in 1873) beat allcomers 

 of whatever rig, no one hesitated about the position of yawls 

 lis racing vessels." The italics are our own. In face of such 

 evidence, and the constant increase in popularity of the yawl 

 rig, what shall w T e say of a recent outburst against this rig by- 

 some correspondents, who, more hasty than discreet, have 

 rushed into print only to advertise themselves as very poor 

 seamen, and hardly capable of taking charge of the tiller of a 

 foity? Mr. Wegueliu writes to the Field that, " With only 

 one mast more sail can be carried to the same angle of heel 

 than with two : or, to put it the other way, the same area of 

 sail can be carried in a cutter to a less angle of heel than in a 

 yawl." Indeed ! Is it possible that a gentleman of such ex- 

 perience as Mr. Wegueliu claims is actually ignorant as to 

 what causes a vessel to heel, and that the angle depends upon 

 area multiplied into height of centre of effort, and not at all 

 upon the disposition of the sail upon one or more masts ? 

 And does he not know that the yawl carries her area lower, 

 aud is therefore stiller, than the cutter ? Again he says : " The 

 mjzzen has a powerful effect on the centre of effort of the 

 sails, and therefore requires more headsail ; and the larger 

 the base of the sail the slower of course a vessel will be in 

 coming about, and the less handy." We find it hard to be- 

 lieve that Mr. Weguelin actually gave shape to this latter idea, 

 but are willing in charity to him to credit it to some garbling 

 of the compositor. If such be not the case, Mr. Weguelin is 

 evidently not familiar with the lever, and contradicts himself, 

 when he first asserts that the mi/.ziu requires much headsail 

 to counterbalance it, and in the same breath informs us that 

 the yawl must be slow in coming about, overlooking in his 

 baste that the necessity of a large amount of headsail is a vir 

 Ural acknowledgment of the power of the mizzeu in turning 

 to windward. However, Mr. Weguelin will have all he can 

 do to maintain bis faulty seamanship in face of the mauy 

 thorough sailors the British yacht fleet can fortunately boast 

 of, should indeed any of them deem such absurd statements 

 as those of Mr. Weguelin deserving their notice or challenge, 

 as they parade a most crushing answer of themselves. 



Fork-foot.— It has been intimated that the reasoning we 

 applied in a recent article in favor of cutting away fore-foot 

 could be equally as well said of dead-wood aft. The reverse, 

 however, is the case. For, if we cut away aft, between wind 

 and water, it is evident that when by the head the centre of 

 lateral resistance will shift forward to a lesB degree than if 

 the dead-wood about the ran had been left intact, and there 

 fore the weatherliuess of the vessel's sail balance will not be in ■ 

 creased by an outline aft similar to that recommended forward. 



Stability. — Though the exact theoretical position of the 

 meta-centre is still somewhat involved in uncertainty, or at 

 least has not yet been generally recognized, it is always cus- 

 tomary in shipyards boasting of a draughting office to calcu- 

 late the stability of new designs by the meta-eentric method, 

 which affords practical results sufficiently close to form com- 

 parisons of stability. For this purpose the meta-centre is re- 

 garded as located at the intersection of the vertical through 

 the centre of buoyancy and the middle line of the vessel, an 

 approximation which introduces no material error in moderate 

 augles. The centre of gravity, from which the metn-centric 

 height is measured, can be ascertained with greater accuracy 

 than generally supposed, especially in such simple structures 

 as a yacht. We believe that the calculated position of this 

 centre in the English schooner Seabelle differed by something 

 leas than three inches from its position as found by actual ex- 

 periment after launching, while the calculation of the accurate 

 draft of water of vessels is of common occurrence even among 

 the wooden shipbuilders, who, as a rule, have not, the assist • 

 ance of trained naval architects. In the design of yachts after 

 well-known models, long experience with which has furnished 

 ample data for guidance, it may not be necessary to find the 

 meta-eentric height ; their stability is a thing already suffi- 

 ciently known. But in departing from the usual stand- 

 ards and in seeking a compromise between different types in 

 existence, calculating the meta-centrc's position try the well- 

 known formula of " Moment of inertia of water-line area di- 

 vided by volume of displacement," will be found of great aid 

 to the designer in shedding light upon his work and indicat- 

 ing the amount of ballast necessary to accomplish the ends ho 

 has in view. With the gradual increase in intelligence, we 

 hope to see this method come into more general use among 

 yacht-builders, as it has among the shipbuilders. 



The Shoe-wae-oae-mettes.— The brave crew, which 

 struggled hard last -year for the Henley Cup on the Thames, 

 are making efforts to meet their English rivals once more this 

 year. Subscriptions are rapidly coming in, and the crewhave 

 already been out in their new paper shell. But how about the 

 new definitions of an amateur, adopted by the Henley Stew- 

 ards; will not they interfere with the entry of some of the 

 crew? 



THE OTHER SIDE. 



Beverley, Mass., April 11, 1879. 

 Editor Forest and Stream : 



I agree perfectly with ,; Open Sea" in the sentiments about 

 yachting on this coast, i. e., in having a boat of not over 7fL 

 draught of water, and suitably modeled and rigged to put to sea 

 in spite of wind and weather, and at the same time have all the 

 comforts possible, and I think that he has gone to the right 

 source to secure it,, but I do not think his craft all that is claimed 

 for her. I passed her frequently last summer, and should hardly 

 have suspected that she was a yacht had it not been for her 

 ensign. Certainly she will not compare with many of the fisher- 

 men about here in point of appearance in spite of the modern 

 yacht sheer. If built for strength, why did he not give her a flush 

 deck ? We fail to see what is gained by having a break amidships 

 for the sake of a few inches more under deck aft. A visit to this 

 schooner will show how well tho specifications in yonr issue of 

 April 3 were carried out— no buts in the deck plank, huts to break, 

 etc. I am certain he could have seoured a craft here faster— for 

 I can name fishermen that have beaten his famous model in her 

 own weather— every whit as seaworthy, and a craft that would 

 have been a credit alike to her builder and owner. I find that 

 I am not atone in my opinion, as I have the word of men who have 

 followed this coast from Cape Cod to Newfoundland, winter and 

 summer, and who, if allowed to, would take any one of several 

 fishermen which have been in his vicinity, and excel him in puiut 

 of speed, beauty aud seaworthiness, and in fact, all that pertains 

 to real yachting. Beverley Cove. 



C ONCERNING RIG AND FITTINGS. 



Boston, Mass., March 28, 1870. 

 Editor Fobest and Stream: 



An you well know, I believe in the seagoing yacht. Last year I 

 adopted a modification of tho foreaad on my schooner, which 

 works well. It is a combination of a boom and lug aaU. For 

 some reason a schooner works better on the wind with a lug fore- 

 sail which hauls aft, say, 5 to 10ft. abaft the mainmast, so long as 

 tho sail can bo trimmed flat, i. e., she will hold up closer to the 

 wind than with the boom foresail, and go ahead faster, as I have 

 found by experience. On the other hand, a lug foresail is difficult 

 to handle, aud it often proves a hard lift to trim in the sheet. To 

 avoid these inconveniences, I had my foresail made with the regu- 

 lar fore-boom and sheet, working on a traveler, and likewise 

 with what 1 call a lug, going aft of the boom aud mainmast, and 

 trimmed with a lug sheet by itself. By this means I get a better 

 fitting sail than the common boom foresail, because my lug sheet 

 blocks are so placed as to haul down the outer leech of the sail 

 and cause it to set flat, while the main foroshoet operates in the 

 same way upon the boom. As the boom and maiu f oresheet do 

 the greater part of the holding of ihe sail, when tho yacht comes 

 in stays all that is necessary with the lng sheet is to catch it npon 

 Ha cleat at the proper moment and haul tho lug flat, which a boy 

 can do without trouble ; the main foresheet working, of course, 

 npon its traveler without being touched. The lug sheet 

 is double, one each side of the deck. I have found that this ena- 

 bles me to work my yacht to windward in heavy weather under 

 hor jib and foresail alone, like a sloop, because tho lug of the 

 foresail gives so much more canvas low down and well aft, which 

 holds her up to the wind. 1 discovered Ibis one equally night 

 when I lay to nnder the foresail between Montauk Point and Block 

 Island last summer, not having wind enough to get into Stoning- 

 ton the previous evening. Early in the morning, wishing lo work 

 np to windward, I set the jib, but a sudden squall delayed our 

 setting the mainsail for a few minutes, during which time we dis- 

 covered that we were going to windward as well, if not so fast, aa 



