FOREST AND STREAM. 



347 



his New York lectures. The specimens figured are all in the 

 Yale Museum. 



The original ancestor of the horse, not as yet discovered, 

 undoubtedly had five toes on each foot. The oldest member 

 of the group now known is the Eohippus, which had four 

 well-developed toes and the rudiment of another on each fore 

 foot, and three toes behind. This animal was about as large 

 as a fox, and its remains are from the Coryphodon beds, near 

 the base of the Eocene. It is not represented, as it was 

 found since the diagram was made. In the nest higher di 

 vision of the Eocene, another equine genus, Oroiiippus, 

 makes its appearance. It resembled its predecessor in size, 

 but had only four toes in front and three behind, as shown in 

 the lowest series of the diagram. At the top of the Eocene, a 

 third allied genus has been found (JBpihippua), which closely 

 resembled OrMppus in its digits, but differed in its teeth. 



Near the base of the next formation, the Miocene, another 

 equine mammal, Mesohippvs, occurs. This animal was about 

 as large as a sheep, and had three usable toes and the splint of 

 another, on each fore foot, with but three toes behind, as 

 shown in the diagram. At a somewhat higher horizon, a 



\&n and 



FISH IN SEASON 



•iTER. 



nuli*. Sea Bass. Cen'ro) ,rislis atrarius. 



Sbeepshead, Archieargus probata. 

 cephalus. 

 art. Striped Baas, lloecus linneolus. 

 White percb, Moronc americana. 

 Weakflsh, Cynoscion regalia. 

 Ilim-nali. Pta wtoiiHM mltatrix 

 Spanish Mackerel, Cybium macuta- 



ttm, 

 Cero, Cybium roiale. 

 Bonlto, Sarda yitamys. 

 Kingfish, MMthUma nebulotm. 



FLIES IN SEASON IN JUNE. 



GENEALOGY OF THE EOESE. 



nearly allied genus, Miohippus, has been found, which has 

 the splint bone of the outer or fifth digit reduced to a short 

 remnant. In the Pliocene above, a three-toed horse (Proto- 

 kippus), about as large as a donkey, was abundant, and still 

 higher up a near ally of the modern horse, with only a single 

 toe on each foot (Pliohippus), makes his appearance. A true 

 Egum, as large as the existing horse, appears just above this 

 horizon, and the series is complete. 

 Yale College, New Haven, May 15, 1879. 



The Bibds of Central New York.— We have received 

 through the kindness of the authors, Messrs. F. R. Kathbun, 

 H. Gilbert Eowler, Frank 8. Wright and Samuel F. Kathbun, 

 their interesting Revised List of the Birds of Central New 

 York. This list which is based on the observations of the 

 four gentlemen above mentioned is a revision of the well- 

 known Bathbun-Fowler List, which was originally published 

 in August, 1877, in the Auburn Daily Advertise*. It has been 

 revised and brought down to the date of publication, April IT, 

 1879, by Mr. Frank R. Rathbun. The list treats especially 

 of the birds found in the Counties of Cayuga, Onondaga, 

 Seneca, Wayne and Yates, and the observations on which it 

 is based extend over a period of ten years. A peculiar and 

 very valuable feature of this paper is the fact that it is based 

 wholly on original observation, and contains no doubtful or 

 conjectural statements. The authors give facts as they have 

 found them and usually refrain from commenting on them. 



No less than 236 species of bird3 are given in this list, and 

 we regret that we lack space to notice several interesting oc- 

 currences on which we should like to comment. 



An excellent index of the common names of birds is ap- 

 pended to the list, and an examination of it shows some in- 

 teresting local names. On the other hand we notice among 

 the Iiatin names a few typographical errors. Altogether the 

 list is a very interesting and valuable paper, and it will no 

 doubt be for some time the leading authority on the birds of 

 Central New York. 



Hawthorn, Xu. 11.— Body, shining black ; feet and head, black ; wings 

 bright hyaline. 



Shoemaker, So, 10.— Body, ringed alternately with light and gray sal- 

 mon ; leet, dark ginger ; wings, the mottled gTay ot the mallard and 

 the mottled of the woodcock mixed ; seta;, mottled woodcock. 

 Black June, No. 10.— Body, peacokk's herl ; feet and wings black. 

 Dark Stone, Xos. 8 and 9.— Body, dark brown ; feet, yellow brown; 

 wings, Inteus. 



Kb, 10.— Kody, peacock's herl ; feet, dark red hackle ; wings, 

 made ot the darkest part of the bittern's wing or brown hen. 



Green Drake, Xa. T._— Body, white posterior, half libbed with black, 

 green yellow, mottled with brown ; eela;, dark brown. 



Brown Drake, fl'o, T.— Body, feet and wings, a golden yellow brown ; 

 setaj, dark brown. 

 Raven, Xo. 11.— Bcdy, feet and wing, black. 



Wren Fly, Xo. 9.— Body, clay yellow ; feet, made from the scapnlary 



feathers ot the English wren or quail ; wings and sets, mottled widgeon. 



— Dealers in Fishing Tackle and makers of artificial flics 



will find a large assortment of finest silk-worm gut on sale by 



F. Latassa, 35 Broadway. 



— Capt. George Gelston, the "bald Eagle of Bay Ridge," 

 caught the first weakfish of the season with hook and line last 

 week off Fort Hamilton, at the Narrows. This is the locality 

 where the big twelve-pound " tide-runners" will show them- 

 selves by and bye. 



Tite Adirondack*.— Wallace's Adirondack Guide, with 

 illustrations and maps, contains all routes, resorts, hotels, 

 guides, distances, kinds of game, and all information. It is a 

 most seasonable and valuable book. We can furnish it ; price 

 SI. 75. 



Beautiful Salmon Reels.— The editor of this paper has 

 taken to Canada two magnificent salmon reels made by Messrs. 

 Abbey & Imbrio, of 48 Maiden Lane. One is of oroide and 

 the other of combined rubber and German silver. The two 

 together we believe are valued at $65. 



Lake; Geneva Cisco.— This is the unique name of the 

 summer season paper to be issued during the season by the 

 publishers of the Geneva Lake Herald. These curious fish 

 begin to run June 10 and run about a week when great num- 

 bers are caught. At the time of their run the cisco flies are 

 very abundant, so much so as to be a nuisance, but are seen 

 at no other time of the year. The fish weighs about 6ozs. and 

 is very fine for the table. 



Tents. —There are scores of people who use tents for 

 scores of different purposes ; the circus, the military encamp- 

 ment, the camp meeting, archery gatherings, tea on the lawn, 

 hunting and fishing excursions ; into all these the tent enters 

 as a necessity. We invite the attention of these varied 

 classes of tenters to the advertisement elsewhere of Hemmen- 

 way's tents and awnings. Mr. Hemmenway can fill the 

 needs of everyone in this line. 



New Patterns. — New patterns in flies are being invented 

 from time to time, just as new discoveries in entomology are 

 coming to light. A new variety of artificial fly which has j ust 

 been shown us is called the Bissett fly. It is a pepper and salt 

 hackle with peacock green body and ought to tempt trout 

 when there is a corner in black gnats. It is said to be a deadly 

 line for trout. Another specimen before us is a sort of long- 

 winged-long-bodied bumble bee, which is guaranteed to kill 

 big trout and black bass at 75 yards. Black bass esteem the 

 humble bumble bee a great delicacy. It is one of the sweets 

 of life which is not impaired by its sting. Collectors and speci- 

 men hunters can see them at Conroy, Bissett & Malleson's, 65 

 Fulton st. 



Canada — Montreal, May 26. — I have just returned from a 



two weeks' trip through the eastern townships and northern 

 Vermont, and can report several baskets of trout taken. On 

 the 14th and 15th insts. the weather was quite hot, but we 

 had the luxury of cooling off in various deep suow banks 

 along the roadside. The land-locked salmon that were planted 

 three years ago in Fairfield Pond (Silver Lake) in Fairfield, 

 Vermont, cow tip the scale at nearly five pounds each. If 

 a hery officers would exterminate "Old Hall" and 

 one or two other poachers who reside near that lake, and 

 who kill the trout during the spawning season, this would be 

 one of the best trout lakes in that State. Stanstead. 



Nova Soon*.— Halifax, May 25.— Fishing in Chester Dis- 

 trict very poor this year. Just had a fair run in Ft. Med- 

 wny. Weather dry and unusually cold just now. Some fine 

 baskets of lake trout taken lately in this vicinity up to 4lbs. 

 weight. Am off to Lake Aiusley. C. B.; later to Margari. 

 Salmon fishing very poor this season ; so far many rivers used 

 up. Doctor. 



Maine— Eixecroft, June 2.— The general ticket agents of 

 New England, with their wives, went to Mooscbead Lake on 

 Saturday. The party numbered about forty. They will re- 

 turn to-day. Mr. C. E. Wyman, of this place, came from the 

 lake with 300 pounds of trout. He reporls the fish just begin- 

 ning to rise for dies. H. 



New Hampshire — Nashua, May 30. — Trout fishing is at 

 its height. Fine strings are brought in by the disciples of 

 Izaak ; itmong the best was a basket of twenty whicl 

 seventeen pounds, caught by Mears, and a string of beauties 

 by Wilkins and Parker. 



New Yobk.— There is good blue fishing now at Shinnecock 

 Bay, Long Island. 



New Jekset — Riverside House, Forked River, May 27. — 

 There are plenty of blue fish in the bay now, and large 

 catches are the order of the day. Our Yachts, the Sarah, 

 Capt. Mathews, had sixty-six, and the Vapor, Capt. Parker, 

 forty-four blueflsh. These were, taken in a few hours' fish- 

 ing, within a short sail of this place. There are someBtriped 

 bass being caught in the nets, but I hear of none taken with 

 hook and line. We look for fine blue fishing from this time 

 forward. C. A. S. 



Pennsylvania. — Black bass are now in season in Pennsyl- 

 vania according to the law, although we think it still too early 

 for them. Philadelphians go to the Schuylkill and Delaware 

 Rivera. In the former stream choice spots are found at the 

 first dam above Manayunk, at the mouth of Mill Creek, at 

 Perkiomen dam, and at Rogers' Ford. Titusville, Lambert- 

 ville and Tumble are well known places on the Delaware. 



Watsonlown, May 30. — Trout fishing, this spring owing to 

 the low water, is not very good in this section in Sullivan 

 County. The streams are lower than they have ever been 

 known to be at this season of the year. J. R. H. 



n Kentucky— Mill Springs, May 24.— Good fishing in Big 

 South Fork of Cumberland and tributaries has been the rule 

 since the water reached a proper stage. Frequent and heavy 

 early spring rains sustained a degree of high water which pre- 

 cluded sport, but the comparatively small rain-fall since the 

 middle of April has put the streams in fine condition. The 

 writer has spent two afternoons on the river and made a fine 

 catch of bass and salmon each time, although nothing of un- 

 usual weight was taken. Some very large salmon and blue 

 cats have been caught by residents on bank hooks, or set-outs, 

 as they are denominated. A friend in central Kentucky 

 wrote me recently that California salmon planted in Dix River 

 three years ago and unheard of since have reappeared in great 

 numbers below the first high mill dam on that stream and 

 prove rapid and ravenous biters. Some two or three parties 

 were supplied with minnows; chanced to meet them upon their 

 arrival and captured them by the scores till bait gave out. 

 They charitably (?) carried off nearly three hundred — all they 

 caught — ranging from ten to twelve inches in length. A sub- 

 scriber to Forest and Stream, and a thorough sportsman, 

 employs a man by the day to ply a dip net below the dam and 

 throw the little fellows into the pond above, which enables 

 them to reach their native grounds. Some party claiming ac- 

 quaintance pronounced them not California salmon, but failed 

 to classify them. The California salmon are the only contri- 

 bution to that stream, except a can of salmon-trout plantedin 

 a tributary a year ago. An easy solution could be had by send- 

 ing a specimen to the President of State Fish Commission. 



Kentucklan. 



Shooting and Fishing in North Georgia— Craw- 

 . Indiana, May 28.— In the Answers to Correspond- 

 ents, of [last issue, a mistake of some importance was made 

 in staling that no good fishing was to be found in North 

 Georgia. I have fished in the Oothcaloga and Saliquoy, the 

 Oostaminla and the Coosawattee Rivers several seasons, find- 

 ing plenty of bass and a kind of large blue perch locally called 

 bream. I recall now with peculiar pleasure a basket of nine 

 bass ranging from one to two and a half pounds, taken one 

 afterno.m from the first named stream just below the bridge 

 at the old Longstreet mill west of Calhoun. At the dam-falls 

 of this same mill a friend and myself took twenty or thirty 

 bream in an hour or two of exciting angling. These bream 

 (perch) are quite game. They bite savagely to red worms, 

 wasp larva? and bits of shiner tail. Their weight may average 

 near half a pound. I am inclined to think you are mistaken 

 in locating trout brooks in the mountains of North Georgia, 

 and I know that while quail, locally called partridges, abound, 

 there are very few ruffed grouse anywhere in the Cherokee 

 region. A considerable number of woodcock drop down in 

 the early spring and late autumn for a few days sojourn and 

 a few breed in the woods of the valleys. In the " bottoms" 

 of the Salliquoy and on the mill ponds of the smaller streams 

 I have found some very good wood- duck and teal shooting. 

 The woods are full of hare and squirrels. Occasionally I have 

 found a deer and noteless often a flock of turkeys 



Maurice Thompson. 



Minnesota. — It is early for Minnesota tourists, but we 

 nolice that the Chequamegon at Ashand is already opened, 

 and a long list of names on its registers. They evidently in- 

 tend to make a long season of it this year. 



Ashland — May 27. — Brook trout fishing is now prime, 

 and the few parties that have already come to test it have re- 

 turned from the fishing grounds with well-filled creels. A « 

 parly fromOshkosh headed by postmaster Harshawwere here 

 last week. Among their catch were several that would weigh 

 from two pounds upward. Reporls from White River re- 

 ceived to-day state that the stream is literally alive with trout. 

 Never more plenty. The streams all seem to contain their 

 usual number. Black bass fishing is excellent at Lake Har- 

 riet, English Lake and at other points. Maskalonge at Dry- 

 dens and Butteruut Lake are quite plenty. The run of white- 

 rish aud lake trout this, spring is up to th« average, hence they 

 are plenty. You can tell your sportsmen friends that every- 

 thing is in order for their coming and that we want to. see 

 them. Sam. S. Ftfifld. 



*■ Bunker jfismse. — Bkelter Island, May 23.— The bunker 

 fishing on the East Coast has never been mote successful than 

 at this season. The large fleet of steamers and sailing craft 

 are taking more fish than the factories can attend to. On the 

 7th inst there were thirty-tire fishing steamers on the crounds 

 at one time, and a large number of Bailing craft. Many of 

 these steamers bi island, but numbers of them 



come from Connecticut, Maine and ■ The 



number of thousands taken by each vessel is estimated by the 

 number of baskets filled, each basket averaging about 100 

 fish. We have received reports from Capt, Nuukius aud 

 Capt Cartwright's factories on this island, of one week's fish- 

 ing. The former employs three steamera, and the latter (the 

 imer and two sailing craft. 

 The former factory in - ok 7i"il ; 000 fish aud the 



505,000. Theser.-- I about 3 gallons of oil to the 



thousand, worth about ;:6 cents per gallon. The scraps, after 

 is pressed out, will bring about 813 to the ton: and 

 the manure is in gom I demand, as Peruvian Guano is held at 

 about $60 per ton. The largest catch so far made by one 

 vessel Bt one set was made nn the 7ih by the steamer Qypssy 

 Girl, 335,000 in number. Up to the 7th the Falcon Oil Works 

 at Napeaque had received 900,000 fish. These fish are for 

 the most patt caught outside of Montaukand off the southside 

 of Long Island, though vast numbers are taken in Gardiner 

 and Peconic Bays. L McL. 



