FOREST AND STREAM 



445 



have described and treated 



sactly the same cause pro- 



itioua and different 



, such, as (he head) chest; stomach) br/wels, etc., etc, 



b ■'■ ■ " to reach each o ins, viz., 



jjb. the blood; henue the ent will be the 



for every type of the dbi: . .i.iy or all of the 



different symptoms may occur in any case", we V8 

 genera] treatment only as the symptoms arise. 



disease has been I when the blood 



poison locates i violent symptoms in the 



bead, oomm'eni , and ending in 



convulsions and death. Mild distemper is when the 

 tly exhibits the general symptoms in a mild form; no 

 dldd h an into complications) 



ever terminated fatally. In cheat distemper the disease at- 

 tacks the throat, bronchial tub's, lungs and all adjacent or- 

 gans, often attacking the head n | ri case in which 



I was positive it ha I >. ten I •' ' the es i ah recovered. 



distemper is another one of its clasaifh 

 diarrhoea is the leading may be watery, 



mixed with mucous or pus, Or it may resemble tar or pitch -. 

 the peel d sticky character of this cbsel.; 



'il authorities upon rft 

 temper tell as this is an exudation of blood from the smaller 

 Intestines, and when the color is brighter and redder, show- 

 ing undigested blood, it is from the larger or lower bowels ; 

 they have oid - jonclusion from analogy, with 



experiments made upon the human subject, and in this they 

 have made a great mistake; it is digested blood, but it does 

 not 001 i ids exclusively, but from the stomach. 



When verydai stomach, and we can 



Judge of the origin of this exudation of blood by its color 

 and consistency, being darker and less bright in color in pro- 

 portion as it has been : ■■■ ■ | f its pasaage through the 

 digestive organs. The ignorance upon this point is one of 

 the reasons why the effect of distemper upon the substances 

 of the liver and upon I . the gall bladder 

 i waa ■ m Bessi ej that the 

 symptoms arising feom Hue complication must have a name, 

 termed the "yellows." What an expressive name for 

 1C d Distemper poison disturbs the proper 

 functional duties of the liver by invading its entire substance, 

 manifesting itself in the usual way, by inflammation, and ex- 

 udation from I In i ' in. biliary ducts and 

 gall bladder. As the cause of this disorder is the same which 

 causes them all, the general treatment should be the same. 

 Distemper is a blood poison fever, and in many respects is 

 ar to all other fever poisons; First, it is similar in its 

 mode and location of its attacks upon the system, the sur- 

 faces and organs most, prone to affection in the diseases under 

 consideration are those which are elirmnativc and desecalittg; 

 those whose normal products can hardly be retained for any 

 time within the body, much less out oi it, without undergo 

 iug a fetid decomposition, which sufficiently stamps them 

 with an excrcraentifions character. The skin, stomach, 

 bowels, lungs, tonsils, kidneys, liver, etc., etc., are the favor- 

 ite resorts of fever poisons; just as they are the surface by 

 Which if the several til 

 eliminated. In distemper this elimination is of a most rapid 

 and alarming character — a wasting away of the entire system. 

 Nature, in her vain efforts to throw out the poison from the 

 system, eliminal i depends.) hence 

 the extreme nervous and mus'i 



and earlier symptoms you are > . ■ ■ I his very 

 rapid loss of flesh and strength tog ther with the 

 sunken and staring eyes, which cannot reasonably ba mistaken 

 for symptoms of any > the 

 cold or any other form of febrile disease may mislead J 

 the similarity I There are, of 



course, features In all diseases q Ire experience to 

 understand, ami Which practice alone will enable as to say 

 yea or nay with p 'i eS8, Distemper has been in the 

 past the most; fatal of all diseases (especially to the valuable 

 high bred dogs). It has always been a wonder to me that it 

 .should be so ; though it is the most fatal, its general symp- 

 toms and course are so well marked, the cause (blood poison) 

 so well know., hie that a more successful treat- 

 ment has not been established upon general pathological prin- 

 To distinguish distemper in its first stages from other 

 diseases having (seemingly) similar symptoms, is easily done 

 by beaiing in mind the peculiarities, both great and small, of 

 these similar symptoms. To he able to make a prompt and 

 correct diagnosis is the master branch of medical science. A 

 doctor, like a poet, is "born, not made"; the bor . doctor 

 in innate keen prtception of* physical and mental 

 conditions and cbans. . isitiveneas of touch, which 

 reveals to him the temperature of the body in fever or Cq] 

 t isl unerringly as the thermometer, and 

 which detects the one bu a ioi do varia- 



tions ot the pi : ies under the persecutions oi difl- 



arj is a boon in- 

 deed to any one who would treat disease in man or bes 



tor our purpo Bessity. The first symptoms of 



What is usually called mild de . i-i may take any 



.!-:,.,„.. ■ ■■ ! s, a languid m- 



d ■: the act of lying down, 

 when i tebal lu< way, as though 



the mil | i 5ustttia his weight. This latter 



symptom of i ..i ■ ■ 



other i : ' 1 in the 



eyes, that speaking ■ gj they have a glassy, 



junta ii I you y of the 



misery rttbifl ogin health is full, 1 



: ■ contrast once seen, even 

 by tie: i. i bi Tgotten Ofttaa 



the eai i ■ : us cough is 



diy. but olu : i I i .. i ... li 



which i:i ■ ■, '..lie, ,,„_, . h e w jn gag^ 



and tie n ■. . ' ' 



uut ol his mot . ' ' ■ snnnited 



matte] ; Cu most, other cases he will. 



The vi. i. i ; he will 



often v. ...■ 

 going into 



The cm lis in ., , seldom 



present when lough aud vomit, (if not raised 



' ■ distemper, thi 



ee. On 



f the disease. 



Shi i. lease, but, iliac 



the othea syn • .. . usually 



fails entirely, 

 which I disease has al- 



ready hecom. .■ -stive organs. Thirst 



. e.ses as the appetite diminishes. 



This thirst we take advantage of to get sufficient liquid nour- 

 ishment down him to sustain life. In the treatment of dis- 

 temper a strict dietetic course is as essential as the adminis- 

 tration of the proper remedies. As we said before, the dis- 

 tates the tissues of vitality itself in its attacks upon 

 the vital organs. It saps out. the substance of the nerves and 

 muscles, and it is absolutely necessary that sufficient nourish- 

 ment should be given to prevent general collapse of the sys- 

 tem. While easily digested, highly nutritious food must be 

 given, and in large quantities, often repeated ; the least indi- 

 gestible food acts as a foreign body in the stomach, and ag- 

 gravates the disease, often one mouthful of such food being 

 i inj direct cause of death. The food we use i3 beef tea, made 

 from fresh, lean beef; let it, cool, and strain off every particle 

 of grease which may arise. We consider Leibig's Extract of 

 Beef (the solid kind, which comes in small jars, and can be 

 bad of any druggist— in it there is nothing but the pure beef 

 essence, is free from fat, albumen, mucus, etc., etc.,) at 

 the very head of the invalid dietetic list, ike most delicate 

 stomach can retain it when it can retain nothing else. Next 

 in importance to being able to retain the food is the amount 

 of nourishment it contains, and beef tea made from this ex- 

 tract is second in this respect to no article of diet with which 

 I am acquainted. Well beaten eggs come next on the list. 

 Gruel made with Graham flour, sweetened slight- 

 ly, is good. A little beef tea may be added 

 to this to make it palatable. Arrowroot is good. 

 Sometimes be will eat panada made from Graham crackers 

 when he will eat nothing else. Make tbc panada exactly as 

 you would for a person. Sweet cream poured over Graham 

 gruel, or alone, is good, and is often relished. Many dogs 

 die during distemper from insufficient nourishment, the per- 

 son iu attendance supposing he was giving enough. Nour- 

 isment, must: be given in proportion as the system is depleted. 

 A grown setter or pointer should have from four to six ounces 

 of strong beef tea or its equivalent every hour, day and night. 

 necessary to resort to stimulants, the best of 

 which is the beet brandy, next port wine, then whisky. It is 

 not generally known that dogs are fond of brandy and whisky 

 when diluted with three or four times its bulk of water; most 

 dogs will drink to intoxication, but if he once becomes drunk 

 you can never get kirn to drink it again. Under ordinary 

 circumstances, two leaspoonfuls of brandy or whisky should 

 be given every hour or half -horn - , as indicated. In the early 

 stages the nose is usually warm, dry and scaly, the inside of 

 the mouth and tongue are hot but moist, When in extreme 

 prostration the nose, mouth and tongue are cold, pale and 

 clammy, the feet and legs get cold, and if the disease is not 

 arrested the coldness extends to the body. Distemper sets in 

 like al! other fever poisons, with chilliness, if not with a de- 

 cided chill, no matter how warm or how cold the weather 

 maybe, the dog shivers and hunts for a warm spot, in which 

 he should be humored ; nothing is more important than 

 warm, comfortable, well-vontilated, clean quarters, with 

 plenty of light. Of all others, this point is most apt to be 

 neglected in the management of dogs; as most people seem 

 to think anything or any place is good enough for a dog. Not 

 so ; proper food and quarters are the groat preventative of dis- 

 temper and many other ills. Yellow pine or cedar shavings 

 make the best bed for a dog, for vermin will not collect in 

 them. It is seldom that shavings sufficient can be had; the 

 next best bed is made with long wheat straw ; get it with as 

 little short stuff and dust as possible. Oat straw generates 

 mange ; in fact any bed will produce mange which is allowed 

 to get broken up short, dusty and foul. All dogs' beds should 

 be raised from the ground, the bottom of which should be 

 made of inch-square strips, half an inch apart, so as to allow 

 the fine particles to sift through. Another very important 

 point is to have the dog's bed so deep that he can't work 

 down to the boards in turning round as most dogs do to settle 

 themselves to their likiug. From twelve to fifteen inches is 

 the proper depth for the bed. 



As soon as you are positive your dog has distemper, shut 

 him up in a room by himself, away from all other dogs, and 

 as much as possible from all noise. Warmth and ventilation 

 are points not to be overlooked. The dog must be allowed 

 no water except what he gets in the liquid food and other 

 drinks ordered. Should the dog take all the liquids offered 

 him, and still want to drink, give him rice water or gum 

 arabic water. As you value his life, keep him from filling 

 his belly with rubbish, such as coal, coal ashes, leather, straw, 

 sticks and stones. Inflammation of the stomach causes this 

 morbid appetite, and if indulged in is aggravated tenfold. 

 When force is required to administer food or medicine, be 

 careful not to frighten the dog by harshness or roughness. 

 in distemper is it necessary that the dog should not 

 Btruggie ; the slightest exertion aggravates the disease. Many 

 dogs have been hurried to their graves by forcing them to ex- 

 ercise. It requires two persons to forcibly administer food or 

 medicine. A small cream pitcher is a very convenient vessel 

 to use in giving tbc liquids. The first person should take the 

 dog by the muzzle with the left hand, the heel of the band, 

 or part next the little finger, should rest over the eyes of the 

 tie thumb on one side and the fingers on the other 

 side should press the lips against the dogs teeth, thus pre- 

 venting the dog from shutting his teeth on your fingers ; 

 with the right hand you catch the lower jaw the same way! 

 Force his mouth open only far enough for person No. 2 to 

 pour in the liciuid ; the sides of the dog'B mouth form a fun- 

 nel. When you have poured in about, two ounces, shut the 

 dog's mouth as close- as your fingers will allow; he cannot 

 swallow unless you shut his mouth, hut will cough and throw 

 liquid. Should he not swallow promptly, rub his 

 throat gently, which will force him to swallow. 



■ OK CtftlH, 



For Forest and Stream and Hod and Gun. 

 DOGS.— No. 7. 



WHEN describing Sentry's foraging visits to Mr. Row- 

 el iff e I forgot to state that Margaret tried on several 

 occaeions to Bend him back with an empty basket, but to no 

 purpose ; he would not touch it, leaving it at the kitchen door 

 and returning homi tsgusted with such shabby 



-would go the next, day and bark for ad- 

 mittance to recover his basket. We had at that period a most 

 valuable maid servant, who was as fond of the dog as either 

 master or mistress, and al meal time he was her constant 

 companion, sitting on her left with his right paw on the edge 

 of the table. Having watched her for some time 

 touch of the paw would remind bei that he also needed food. 

 Anne was a particularly clean girl, and taught her canina 



friend to remain on the front door mat in dirty weather until 

 she wiped his feet, that he should not soil her floor' cloth (for 

 with her everything in and around the bouse was ours or 

 i-i ventured to run in with dirty paws. 

 He never stole meat or food of any kind, and would watch 

 the cat to prevent her from picking and stealing. If she gave 

 him any trouble by persisting fn her attempt to pilfer, she 

 found herself suddenly seized by the neck and gently carried 

 off to tbc garden. On one occasion, in his youthful days, he 

 committed a most outrageous breach of good manners. Anne 

 was in the habit of chopping up his food, and he eyed her 

 wistfully one day chopping suet, which he thought was a tit 

 bit specially prepared tor himself, and supposing she hadfor- 

 Titt.en him, he availed himself of her temporary absence to 

 levour the whole. Anne, ou discovering the theft, did not 

 resort to kicks and cuffs, as usual iu sucii cases, but showed 

 him the dish and scolded him well. This was his first and 

 last theft. 



Though apparently equally fond of us all, still I stood up- 

 permost in his affections, and the least semblance of anger or 

 personal violence toward me was met by his placing himself 

 in front and showing a very formidable row of teeth — such 

 a demonstration being sure to restore order, no would fetch 

 the bootjack and slippers, remove my boots from the ball, re- 

 turning each article to its proper place. He had a great dread 

 of a thunder storm, and would hide under a bed the moment 

 he saw a flash of lightning. He was equal to any terrier for 

 rats or mice, and would watch a rat bole for hours. I have 

 seen him kill two rats at the same time, one with a stroke of 

 of his paw, when another was being crunched between his 

 teeth. 



From London I came to Gaspk as the Chief Superintendent 

 of the Gaspo Fishing and Ooal Mining Company, embarking 

 at Liverpool, on board the Acadia, one of the celebrated 

 Cunard Line, then commanded by that genuine British sea- 

 man, Capt. Harrison, the first Oaptain of tkat huge leviathan, 

 the Great Eastern, who was unfortunately drowned by the 

 upsetting of bis boat at Southampton. 



Previous to shipping Sentry, I went to Mr. McTver's office, 

 the agent of the line, to see what bargain I could make re- 

 specting the dog's passage, five pounds being the rate ad- 

 vertised. Naming the large sum I had to pay for self and 

 family, I claimed a free passage, that he should go free. 

 Fortunately Capt. Harrison was in the office, and he inquired 

 if the splendid animal he had seen at the Adelaide, was mine. 

 Haying answered in the affirmative, he observed: "Well, I 

 think the amount paid by Mr. V. entitles him to some con- 

 sideration, and such a dog as his is entitled to a free passage." 

 "Well, if you think so, Harrison, I suppose it's all right." 

 "Thank you, geutlemeu," and off I started to conduct 

 Sentry on board before the steamer left the dock, omittiug to 

 get a pass from the agent. On reaching the Acadia I 

 was somewhat abruptly questioned by a person, who, I 

 soon ascertained, was the purser, when the follow- 

 ing colloquy took place: "Is that your dog?" "It 

 is." "Have you a ticket for his passage?" "I have not, 

 but Mr. Mclver has agreed to his passing free." "Un- 

 less you produce a ticket or pay mc Ave pounds, you must 

 take the dog on shore at ouce." Sentry knew there was 

 something amiss, and growled furiously at the purser, who 

 was somewhat startled at this manifestation of the dog's ciis 

 pleasure. Just at this stage of the proceedings Capt. Harri- 

 son stepped on board, and soon brought the purser to his 

 senses. It was the overbearing manner of the man that an- 

 noyed me. The captain kindly told the boatswain to secure 

 the dog in a safe place, which being done, I returned to the 

 hotel. The following morning I was feeding and caressing 

 him after breakfast, when Capt. Harrison joined us. "I 

 quite forgot about your dog, Mt. V. Let him run on deck." 

 " How very considerate you are, captain, this morning. I 

 suppose the purser wants to get that five pounds out of mo at 

 all hazards. What about that notice— eh?" (A penalty of 

 five pounds imposed on the owners of dogs allowing them to 

 be loose on deck.) "Ob !" rejoined the captain, "that is all 

 very well when we have a dozen dogs. Is he quiet t" 

 "Very; but he will not allow himself to be kicked or knocked 

 about by the crew." "No one on board this ship will dare 

 do that. Let. him loose by all means." No sooner said than 

 done, and off went Sentry, skipping and jumping like a mad 

 creature, until he joined his mistress on the quarter-deck, 

 where quite a scene took place, to the great amusement of the 

 passengers. The late Bishop Hughes was among the num- 

 ber returning from Rome, and he and Sentry became warm 

 friends. 



From that time the dog had the free run of the ship, and 

 became a general favorite, not giving the least cause of of- 

 fence to any one during the voyage. He was welcome alike 

 with the officers of the ship in their mess-room, or with the 

 crew. But his purveyor-in-chief was the butcher, to whom I 

 promised a gratuity if he attended to his wants ; and he never 

 hud such glorious feeding as fell to his lot on board the good 

 ship Acadia . 



Arrived at Halifax, we established our quarters at the Hali- 

 fax Hotel. The first morning at breakfast my wife fancied a 

 mutton chop. There being none on the table, I requested 

 a waiter to order some. None appearing, I jogged the wait- 

 er's memory. " All right, sir; I have attended to your order." 

 "But where are the chops?" " Told cook they were for the 

 dog, sir!" 



As we traveled by land to Gaspe, the dog wonld have been 

 a troublesome companion. Foftunately I fell in with Capt. 

 Peter Mabe, the master and owner of the schooner Pilot, of 

 Gaspo, who took charge of Sentry and all my heavy luggage 

 which he delivered safely at New Carlisle, where the faithful 

 animal died, Anno Domini, 1849, having attained his 

 eighteenth year. 



Sentry's training throughout was one of kindness. I never 

 beat or ill-treated him in any way, and I must avail myself of 

 this opportunity of entering my protest against the cruelty 

 often practiced by trainers of animals. Patience is the grand 

 secret. I firmly believe that nine-tenths of the vicious dogs 

 are made bo by ill-treatment. I never had a vicious horse, 

 ox, cow or dog, and I have raised many. I pui chased a cow- 

 some years 

 to dumb animals 



came from the statue in great distress, ass 

 new purchase was a devil. She kicked like a horse; bad 

 kicked her, and scot, the milk pail riving. No woe. 

 owner sold her, etc. I requested Mary to return with me to 

 the stable and I would assist her. The" moment 1 

 the animal she began to kick. I patted and spol 

 kindly, but to no purpose. I then got u piece of light rope 

 made a noose, caught the fore-leg. raising it from the ground' 

 and held it, tight over her back, this settled the kicking for 

 the time, being, and she was duly milked. I soon discovered 

 she had been brutally treated, expecting a kick or a blow 

 from any one who approached her in the stable. I resorted 



>g, ana j. nave raised many. 1 purchased a cow 

 go of a man who bad the repute of being cruel 



mis. The hist time she was milked, the girl 

 distress, assuring me that my 



