FOREST AND STREAM. 



497 



LOKDOS ASYLTM vs. Sarnia.— The Sarnia team de- 

 Asylum Club on their grounds, on -July i, 

 by ono innings and 15 runs. 



^he 0<tme of ffiens. 



— *■ — ■ 



Prolilem >... r,r. 

 ■ A Qnoi 



White to play and give mate in two moves. 



SOIATMOXS TO PltOBLEMS— .NCI. 53. 



1-Auy 



Game Xo. 118.— PETKOBF'S DEFEXCE. 



: la the Intel-national Tourney, resigned by Mr. G. II. II. 

 Gossip, WStei to Mrs. J. Wl Gilbert; Of Hartford, 



Conn. Tito seme in the T ] aOfl 9l lid : Gl-eftt Britain, 32 



won ; Dnitod ~tat.es, ±1 won and 7 drawn. We are. indebted to t lie 

 . ... tor the score, and game, and notes: 



White. Black. 



Mrs. Gilbert. Mr. Gossip. .Mrs. Gill.ieia 



Mr. Gossip. 

 1-P-Kt 

 8-K.t K B3 



S-K-tQ IB 

 r— B-K2 



S-B-K3 



ft-t-asties (di 



Id 1*1 tksKt.icilll -Ptics li 



16— P-K B3 

 17-Q-QK13+ 



■. i'ik-itr-i- 



a— Q-K8 ! ' 



S3 -B-iC K.:, - 

 88— Q-K lvi7 

 24 B-K4+ 



85— B tks K t 



3d— Q tks P 



:.'■-:- U-KP.4 + 

 SS-Q tks Q •<■ 

 :M— BtksQ Ivt 1' 

 31-B-E4 

 33— R-K 132 

 83— R-Q3 

 31-R tks P 



.VOTES TiY 0. liEtonELM. 



yt.orQ Kt-B3, are really more » btk EU 6 da - 

 move in the text, however., has the sanction of 

 and iaoBsedon the t>igh authority r>) received 



8. This game, which I regard as a tine coutri- 



a g, affords a striking illustrati* in i |f the ]). .wer 



ty. and is doubly eredilaljlc to her when it is 



i that she bad to encounter so strong Q 



CD 1 Sold In 



time-honored 



button to this 

 ot Mrs. GObe 

 taken into co 

 player and learned a bookman as Mr. Gossip. 



(B) White pursues his attack in accordance with the general 

 theory ol this opening. 



(e) Best, Black now threatens P tks P and Kr-IU. 



(d) If 10 Q tks lit P, then the defence rejoins with Kt-lU and ivt 

 tks P with the preferable development. By the more in the texr 

 Mr. G, opens the Q's die, which he experts to use to the detriment 

 ot Black's i 



(e) I must for once take issue with i bis beautifully conducted de- 

 fence and Counter attack. I prefer K P tics P with the vieiv of, al 

 the proper moment, utilising the Q Kt tile. 



i /i \ grave error. White's only more here is M K UK. B+. 



if, IV. m this point the lady champion assumes the counterat- 

 tack and conducts it with such remarkable accuracy and t'orce 

 iiiai her noted adver at : » »r ■ > mpeili 



iSSlp might have resigned hereabouts with perfect pro- 

 priety. 



V». COPENHAGEN CORRESPONDENCE MATCH. 



WHAT ARE WHITEBAIT? 



No. 1. 



Oopenhapi. 



3 -T-K Bl 

 3-Kt-lC B3 



5 l.'aslirs 



B-P-Q3 



7-Kt-lC HI 

 8— Q Kt-Q8 



9— Q Kt-K i;m 

 n,-i.i k.l-KKr.J 



n-p-oi 



13— K Kt 1k-. It 



No. 3. 

 ' l — P-E4 " 



t— Q-K R5 + 

 3-P-K Kit 

 0— Q,K BU 



7 -I My Kt; 

 S— P-K Kt5 



•4— P-KPJ + 



tO-Q tksQ ' 

 11— Kt-Q B:t 

 12 -B-KKtSt 

 18-Q Kt-Q 

 U—P-EB8 



• TISIIS. 

 The Chess Editor in answer to numerous complaints, etc., of 

 correspondents and readers regarding the non-appearance of 

 "The Game of Chess "in these columns, would here stale that lie 

 is in no wise nt fault having 9 . a his oopy" regularly every 

 week. In the future this department will he crowded i 

 when nhmltitclu necessary, and upon the assurance of rhe Editor- 

 n-Chfe l I ii irit ta Our readers. 



—The Weimar OS. Lloyd match resulted In a victory for Mr.Del- 

 ■ -ere of 5 games won, and only 1 game lost, and 1 game 

 drawn. Tt isrumored that Mr. Ilelrnar will now chall»i 

 Mackenzie. 



-The Cleveland Vote I I" - column, exists no more ; at least- we 



SO inter, from the fact that we have not seen ii tor ov 



■ '."riuuate," etc. WliyV Tin two i 



and Mr. Hatnel's Express, do not reach us. 



IT i- our .i i i ■ ■■ that whitebait was Fully inagu- 

 rated in v i ■ i, grand wbitebaii d >>-. a la 



fri nv ''->''■ at Manhattan Beach Hole! oil Coney Island. 



and it was but a short lime previous thai Prof. Baird, 



: lackford, and ol jbi \b '-red Chat we had 



'n\ g I'd to whitebait id our waters. Our readers will 



a v.-hai iliscitssinnsluive since taken jllaceto de- 

 termine what wlu'iebait really axe — whether they are 

 merely the small fry of shad, herrings, blueflsh, niack- 

 erel, and perhaps; of a dozauTtirieties of o« re ' EOid sin 

 ary fishes. Now in England where whitebait lias been 

 the approved diet at seaside resorts among the aristocratic 

 i inn specially. A gentleman litis been recently in- 

 vestigating the mailer and has sent the results of his 

 Study to Li i ,nj ' ii,ifl UV/fer, Only last year, just at this 

 ay) lie commenced collecting specimens to de- 

 tennine^whether I hey were really a distinct species. He 

 writes : 



I purposely excluded from my Collection other fishes 

 i and sticlde-bttcks) which, accideiitaly or fraudu- 



lently, are found mixed with the true torn. :, restricting 

 my observations to what are the species known to the 

 trade and epicures as whitebait, 



- ..' ■ ■■ ..-rials f. .r this investigation. 1 have been 



assisted by Mr CattingtOO naturalist m the Royal West- 

 minster Aquarium, who kindly procured specimens from 

 (Southend L from Hay until August. I^,s. and also placed 

 a number of healthy ones in a tank at that institution in 

 order to ascertain what they wool.! .level,,,, i„ ,,.!,,,- u n- 

 sl ices prematurely cut off -what we can 

 only hope Were as happy as they we're short careers. Ilike- 



; - . ■! i. ly 1 1 1 1... :i-h-rnongers tip to 



Octol a r, a tier w] lich period the demand ceasing, 

 so did the supply. Through the kind services of Mr. Wal- 

 polo I obtained from Mr Charles, the eminent tishm oncer 

 of Belgravia. a beautiful series of thirty-one examples of 

 the •■ winter whitebait" inn-V .lurio-j- t he months of Jan- 

 uary to March) from the Medway. where he maintains an 

 esta'blishrnent for the purpose of collecting this delicacy, 

 First, what do we understand by Whitebait? Here we 

 i ; seek for the origin of the term, and at the out- 

 set I am inclined to admit that such appears to be lost in 

 obscurity; The newspapers last year reported that a Mr. 

 Cannon had "himself caught whitebait for sixty years, 

 el h [father's fatherdid so forty years before him.' 1780 

 is assigned as the exact date of the first catch. At 

 first Cannon the elder used Ids captors merely as baits for 

 eels, and hence the name which has of itself been the sub- 

 ject 61 itroversy," The article continues that he sttb- 



..; introduced their use at the table of the higher 



classes. Unfortunately we must consign this account to 

 i;. ;.. , . ., -s-stine romances, not only as regards tl: 



the term, but Ski wis aei 



ed as tempfi _ i ,■■;■- i eels 



tmently the dinner table. Readers i 

 have only to refer t< i Pennant I 



the third, page 371, published in 17 



to Mr. Cannon's first catch f ..- ".. 

 !/ destination of these fish 

 luxuries for epicures), and we read 

 the month of July there appear in tl 

 wall and Greenwich, innumerable t: 

 which are known to the Londoners 

 bait. Thev are esteemed very deli 

 fine flour, and occasion, during tht 

 of the lower order of epicures to tl 

 to the places they are taken at." 

 Unable; -t; -a-e i :„■. origin of the te 



. .:... igate what this fish hasdx 

 nant states that, thev belong neithe 

 sprat, nor are they the young of sn 

 Bimilarity to the bleak, to which ii: 



■ I With '.i- Donovan (IS 



bait the young of the shad, and calr 

 ion that Pennant never saw a white 

 , lie ere I :il, or his investiga 

 gent, while his figure conveyed no 

 Next we have Yatrell (1838), who 

 Pennant and Donovan were in em 



.. |. ii, 

 E white- 



lit, we have 

 -red. Pen- 

 ad nor the 

 ar a great 

 nded them. 



d as white- 

 ad bis opin- 



. if he did, hi 



■ hastv 



gii 



just idea of the lisli 

 considered that both 

 r. as he saw in these 

 •I, he termed Clupea 



t still further, insti- 

 :heir receptii in, while 



e months of April, May. and 

 thor of the "Catalogue o* 



- . I ■'!.;; '., ■' did not coincide 

 writers, retaining whitebait 

 idering it to be the young of 



tted that the true 

 ie herring family, 



eh mature forms. 

 or immature fish, 

 rers, and as such 

 enactments ? In 

 [ Of the fact that 

 :,,.. lb. species 

 es many pelagic 

 iblages or schools, 



with the. true forms during 

 June. Dr. Ounther. the ; 

 Fishes in the British Musi 

 With any of the four previo 

 in the genu- flupm. and cc 

 tlie common to rring, 



It appear- now io>.o universally ax 



whitebait beloc ; .- .I. species < 

 but what we wish to ascertain is. are 

 as asserted lo yen-.. II and v"aleri ii . 

 as believi 3 m l.n tlie majority of mi 

 were formerly protcei c ■. : . 



this investigation we must not i., : . ,; 

 the herring family, more especially 

 composing the ... - ,i. poss 



lich live togei ' 



•niter bracldsh, and never 

 as- a rule fresh, -waters. That these fishes are very v I i. 

 in their migrations: abundant some years, thej 



ally forsake their haunts Eoi - J su . si 



returning again in enormous quantities. This phenome- 

 non is not peculiar to such as whitebait in merely Euro- 

 pean seas, but is found to he universal. Anoi.h r ....-nn- 

 arity is that, the teeth being small and deciduous, a con- 

 siderable diversity may exist in examples of the same 

 species. 



Are whitebait mature fish? This question has been an- 

 swered by most investigators in the .-.].-■ by Yarrell 

 in the affirmative, while fortunately the specimens pf this 

 last author, being still in the British Museum; are open to 

 re-examination. All are considered to be the 

 the common herring. Yarrell remarked that these fish 

 are taken in the Thames "from the beginning i 



of September . . . and specimens of tlie 

 young fish of the year, four or five inches long, are then 



not uncommon, but mixed even at this late period of the 



with others of very small size, as though the roe 



had continued to be deposited throughout the summer. 



Yet the parent fish arc not caught." I have now a line 



i whitebait captured during the .months referred to 



l:o Yarrell, and from the same locality (the Thames), and 

 these 1 now propose enumerating, premising that as the 

 migrations of members of the herring family are variable, 

 occasionally forsaking their usual spawning grounds, it 

 doe- not appear improbable thatone species may have left 

 and given place to another, to be again changed to the 

 original form on the return of the water to some condi- 

 tion which suited its first occupants. Thus Yarrell ob- 

 serves-: "Formerly great quantities of the Twa.ite shad 

 i;t that part of the Thames opposite 



1 . -., ,, .i .1 ,. samples of whitebait taken during the 

 months of May and June. 1*78, the longest, of which was 

 SJ inches : out of these about one in ten were sprats, the 

 remainder tlie young of the herring. In August I exam- 

 ined forty-six examples from 2 to 3s inches in length : out 

 of these twenty-four from 2 to 2f1 tnohes long were sprats, 

 and twenty-one. from 2:8 to '■',] inches long, were young 

 herrings, these latter now commencing to grow to a 'larger 

 size than their smaller cousins, the sprats. In October 

 out of forty-one examples from 2i to 3i inches in length, 

 all were herrimrs. The foregoing examples were from Mr. 

 Can-in gt« m, or "else obtained from fishmongers who pro- 

 cured them hi Bilmgsgate Market, so they may be re- 

 ceived as examples of Thames fish. It appears that both 

 sprats and young herrings find their way into the London 

 marker as whitebait. Some inquirers "may only obtain 

 one species, some the other, while a third may receive both, 

 forms, in accordance with where the fishermen were 

 working their nets and whether schools of one or both 

 were present at the time. 



Of the thirty-one examples of "whiter whitebait" re- 

 ceived from. Mr. Charles, and which, as I have observed, 

 came from the Medway. twenty-six varied from 2 to 4} 

 inches fit length, the larger ones possessing well devel- 

 oped roe, all were sprats ; the remaining five were young 

 herrings from 5 to 74 inches long, the largest having 

 slightly developed roc. 



How are these young fish to he distinguished? may be 

 asked ; and to this question a very simple reply will suf- 

 fice. The sprats have sixteen to eighteen rays in the lin 

 Of the back, and seventeen to eighteen in that behind the 

 vent. The ventral fins an- situated beneath the first rays 

 of the back fin. Thev have forty-seven or forty-eight ver- 

 tebra:-, no teeth in the" front part of the palate (the vomer), 

 and in a single or double row along the tongue, while in- 

 temally they onlv possess seven or eight caecal appen- 

 dages to the stomach. The edge of the abdomen has very 

 sharp points. The young herrings have seventeen to 

 twenty rays in the fin'of the back, and sixteen to eighteen 

 in that behind the vent. The ventral fins are situated be- 

 neath the middle rays of the back fin. They have fifty- 

 six vertebrae, teeth in the front part of the palate (the 

 vomer) and in a long oval patch along the tongue, while 

 internally they possess seventeen to twenty or more cascal 

 I.., n/i . ....... ;.. The I eeled abdominal edge 



is not near so sharp as in the sprats, while the scales do 

 not fall . iif the body quite so readily as in the latter species, 

 hi winch but few are seen on the sides in captured ex- 

 amples. 



That Pennant's was the whitebait of the present time 

 there can be but little doubt, and also that it was the 

 young herring. It is also certain that Dona can's figure 

 is that of a voting shad, the immature of which, if in suf- 

 ficient numbers, would do as well as those of the herring 

 or sprat served up as whitebait ; while I certai.ilv possess 

 tlie young of these last two forms which I have received as 

 this fish. Tins year (1879) whitebait are said to lie unusu- 

 ally early in the market ; and we also are told in your last 

 number that trout, which have commonly completed 

 spawning in November, had not finished this operation 

 during the last week of this month (March). Salmon have 

 likewise been very late this year, and we are all aware 

 what, an abnormally cold season we have gone through. 

 Hx^ this anything to do with, the whitebait? I suspect it 

 has, that the growth of some of these sprats has been re- 

 tarded, and they now form the present early whitebait ol 

 which 1 have received examples from Billings-n-ate Alar- 

 ket, and all are young sprats. Most probably the tens 

 whitebait or the herring will be late in appearing this sea- 

 son. F. Day. 



Tim Pond.— This : 



pie: 



nt resort 



i Mai 



? which 



i hundred 

 age to Kj 

 to take y 



Farmington and thence stage to Kingfield. from which 

 latter place hire a wagon to take you through." Smith 

 agrees to furnish good ••farmer's grub" at fifty cents 

 ] ier day 



By the way, there is a subscriber of ours out at Eldred, 

 in Sullivan County, this State, who sends the following 

 plaint : 



" I have not advertised my place this year, and the 

 result is there has not been it single angler hero, though 

 the trout are very plenty." As lie promises • 



bare we -will give him this gratuitous ootwe 

 His name is J. M. Bradley. Accordiiie, to his account, 

 deer, quail and woodcock can be obtained in his neighbor- 

 hood. 



Canada at WiMBtEipoH.— €he Canadian team now at 

 Wimbledon is comprised as follows :— 



1. Lt.iVd.r.il.son 13th Batt. Hamilton, On:. 



. 13th Batt, 



nt. 





Corpl 



Bray .. 



;" 



fle-il; 



Anderson .. 



trail 



!■: 



Asst-i- 





ii 



Pti B 



.-11 



12 





Fallen 



!;: 

 14 



... 

 Sei-fft. 



:.'.... II. ' 



l.'i 



Fte 1 



ills 



i>; 



1 ,. ,r 



Hunter. . . 



17 



Lieut 



Emm 



Is 



Lieut. 



Mtuilev 



la. 



Asst-Surg. Met.'onkey 



». 



Capt. Gibson 



i-Gr. G. F. Guards, Ont. 



Hull Batt, lint. 



..sL» 1 S-r i.e. Out. 



;s;th Ban, tun, 

 . .10th Bait. lint. 



(, : a r. Artillery, N.B. 



. 10th Ba i 

 pa.. \ . i 'a., [treat, Q. 



Engineers. St John, N.B. 



ii ... 



