528 Section of the Uspal lata Range, part n. 



trees, there were a few fragments, like broken branches, 

 horizontally embedded. The surrounding strata are 

 crossed by veins of carbonate of lime, agate, and oxide 

 of iron ; and a poor gold vein has been worked not far 

 from the trees. 



The green and brown mudstone beds including the 

 trees, are conformably covered by much indurated, 

 compact, white or ferruginous tuffs, which pass upwards 

 into a fine-grained, purplish sedimentary rock : these 

 strata, which, together, are from 400 to 500 feet in 

 thickness, rest on a thick bed of submarine-lava, and 

 are conformably covered by an other great mass of fine- 

 grained basalt, 1 which I estimated at 1,000 feet in thick- 

 ness, and which probably has been formed by more than 

 one stream. Above this mass I could clearly distin- 

 guish five conformable alternations, each several hun- 

 dred feet in thickness, of stratified sedimentary rocks 

 and lavas, such as have been previously described. 

 Certainly the upright trees have been buried under 

 several thousand feet in thickness of matter, accumu- 

 lated under the sea. As the trees obviously must once 

 have grown on dry land, what an enormous amount of 

 subsidence is thus indicated ! Nevertheless, had it not 

 been for the trees there was no appearance which would 

 have led any one even to have conjectured that these 

 strata had subsided. As the land, moreover, on which 

 the trees grew, is formed of subaqueous deposits, of 

 nearly if not quite equal thickness with the superin- 

 cumbent strata, and as these deposits are regularly 

 stratified and fine-srained, not like the matter thrown 

 up on a sea-beach, a previous upward movement, aided 



1 This rock is quite black, and fuses into a black bead, attracted 

 strongly by the magnet ; it breaks with a conchoidal fracture ; the 

 included crystals of augite are distinguishable by the naked eye, but 

 are not perfect enough to be measured : there are many minute 

 acicular crystals of glassy feldspar. 



