122 CRYPTOGAMIA. 



genus ; and also the layer of densely packed small cells {hypoihecium) 

 which underlies the spore-bearing layer, and appears indeed to be the 

 elementary tissue (Tulasne sur lesLich. t. 8, f. 57 ; Speerschneider in 

 Bot. Zeit. 1854, pp. 237, 625, t, 7, f. 7, and 14, f. 6), of which the 

 last is a metamorphosis. Towards the base the tissue of the hypothe- 

 cium becomes looser and rather spongy, breaking here and there, as 

 the empty interior of the podetium is approached, and presenting 

 largish irregular cavities. 



5. STEREOCAULON, Schreb. 

 1. Stereocaulon ramulosum, (Sw.) Ach. 



Lichen ramulosus, Swartz Fl. Ind. Occid. 3, p. 1917. 



Slereocaulon ramulosum, Ach. Lichenogr. p. 380 ; Swartz Lich. Amer. p. 20, t. 14 • 

 Ach. Syn. p. 284. 



Hab. Fuegia. Mountains of Hawaii, Sandwich Islands. Walls of 

 crater, East Maui ; and mountains behind Honolulu, Oahu, Sandwich 

 Islands. Tahiti. Bay of Islands, New Zealand. 



2. Stereocaulon Maderense, Sp. Nov. 



S. tliallo a basi vage longeque versus apices parce breviterque ramoso ; 

 ramis subsimplicibus tomento tenui vestitis ; phyllocladiis rriinusculis 

 globosis confertis mox mojoribus squamulosis crenatis vel sparsis vel 

 dense imbricato-congestis ; cephalodiis sessilibus scrobiculato-foveolatis 

 subconcoloribus ; apotheciis subterminalibus mediocribus albo-marginatis 

 marginem demum exdudentibus convexis nigro-fuscis. Sporce {generis) 

 aciculares varie septatce. 



Hab. Pico Ruivo, Madeira. 



Thallus stout, terete, and commonly naked at the mostly simple 

 base ; dividing below the middle into a few elongated, rather simple, 

 erectish, obsoletely tomentose branches, with often nodding tips. Gra- 

 nules (phyllocladia, Th. Fries) very small, globose, somewhat scattered, 



