CYCLOPOIDEA. 1037 



setae, and takes a subprehensile character. In Harpacticus and the 

 allied genera it varies much in the articulations, the highest number 

 being three joints in both branches, and varying as regards one 

 branch (the inner) from three to one ; and this branch may even 

 become obsolete or rudimentary, as in Laophon of Philippi. In the 

 genus Setella this pair spreads laterally, and may serve for grasping 

 the body of the female. 



Abdomen. — The abdomen varies in number of segments from one to 

 six, and is generally not half as long as the cephalothorax, though 

 sometimes exceeding it in length. Figures 101 to 111, Plate 71, 

 represent various forms ; 101 has four joints, which is a common 

 number; 102 and 104, have three; 103, two; 111, but one; 105, 106, 

 107, and 109, six; 108 has the joints very much elongated. The 

 variations in number of joints is large in the same genus ; and even 

 may differ in a given species. 



The first segment is often obsolete, and, as in the Sapphirinae, fails 

 in some males, when present in the females. Very often too it is 

 united with the second, and distinguishable only by a faint suture. 

 Frequently, also, the sixth is obsolete or is concealed beneath the 

 fifth, as in many Sapphirinae. 



The first segment often bears a pair of appendages which are some- 

 times nearly as long as the abdomen, though in general, when pre- 

 sent, quite short, or only represented by one or two setae. These 

 appendages are seen in figures 107 and 110, and the setae correspond- 

 ing to them, in figures 106 and 108. When of large size they lie 

 over the bag of eggs in the female, serving to retain it in place ; the 

 male of such species usually have the same organs much shorter than 

 the females. The bags of eggs are always connected with the second 

 (normal) segment, which is the first apparent one, when the normal 

 first is not distinct. This second segment, as in Setella, may also have 

 a pair of appendages. 



The caudal stylets are either lamellar or styliform, according to 

 the form of the species. In many species they are furnished with six 

 setae; but in the different genera, the number varies through the 

 obsolescence of some of the six. The six may be seen in figure 101 ; 

 the inner of the six is always short, as in the species here represented, 

 and it is often bent. In figures 102, 104, 105, 106, there are hut five, 

 the inner being wanting. In 107, both the inner and outer of the six 



260 



