386 Correspondence, 



by river beds penetrate the Himalya ; viz. the Neelung, the M ana and 

 the Juwahir Passes. That, of the latter class of peaks are Bunderpooch, 

 at the foot of which rises the Jumna, Kedarnath at the source of the 

 Mundaknee, and Nundidevi at the source of the Pindur. 



Thirdly. — That where the Passes by river beds occur, there, a marked 

 difference exists between the Northern and Southern extended bases of 

 the same peaks, the side to India being more steep and always quite 

 impassable at a lower elevation, ; the side to Tartary at a higher eleva- 

 tion and on easier ground, being passable by men and cattle in the 

 summer months 



Fourthly.— That from 1st July to 1st October as a general rule, and 

 universally from 15th July to 1 5th* September, whole tracts of country 

 lying North of the high chain of the Himalya elevated from 15,000 to 

 19,000 feet above the sea, are found free from snow, (except in crevices,) 

 that human habitations and markets thronged with traders exist at 

 15,000 feet and even above that height, and that high roads for traffic 

 with pasture for cattle and bushes for fuel, cross snow-less elevations 

 of 17,000 feet odd.f 



Fifthly. — That none of the phenomena described under the last head are 

 found on the Southern side of the Great Himalyan Chain. 



7. It is easy to add comments to these assertions. In any September, 

 compare the spot called the Pinduree Glaciers (1 1,000 feet,) with Melum, 

 the same height. One place all ice, the other all fields and habitations. 

 Compare the crest of the Mana Pass (18,000 feet) with Maha Punt 

 behind Kedarnath temple, the former a high road from Mana to Dapa, 

 Toling, &c, the latter a place of death amongst " thick ribbed ice" for 

 pilgrims at a short distance from the temple, height of temple (11,300 

 feet) certainly at less than 15,000 feet. How very few villages are 

 there found above 9,000 feet in any part of the Cis -Himalyan Moun- 

 tains. How many towns and marts are there near the sources of the 

 Sutlej, overhanging the ravine of that river, (calculated by Moorcroft 

 and Webb to be 15,000 feet above the sea.) Dapa, Doompoo, Keoong- 

 lung, Misser, &c. Tuklakote, East of the Manessurovur Lake, on the 

 upper Gogra, is supposed to be at least 15,000 feet above the sea ; and 

 the Pergunnah of Prooang, of which it is the capital, is certainly 



* This is the only period at which the perpetual snow line can be discovered, 

 that is, after the melting of winter snow, and the first falls of the Autumn. 



f This is quite conclusive of the higher elevation of snow on the Thibetan side ; as 

 there are no inhabited plateaus at such an elevation on the south side, as far as we 

 know.— Ed. 



