566 Microscopic Life in the Ocean at the South Pole. 



Two forms are new, two have been observed also at the north 

 pole, and one is widely distributed. 



II. Oceanic materials from M. Schayer. 



M. Schayer of Berlin, who for fifteen years was superintendent 

 of English sheep-folds at Woolnorth in Van Diemen's Land, has, 

 in answer to a request sent to him in the year 1842 by the author, 

 collected materials unquestionably rich in microscopic animals ; 

 he also collected water taken from the ocean in different regions 

 on his return in 1843, and brought with him to Berlin four bottles 

 holding from a quarter to half a pint. The author had wished 

 that water had been drawn up at a distance from the coast in 

 accurately known places, in order to become acquainted in some 

 measure with the usual amount of microscopic life of the ocean. 



The four well-preserved sealed bottles which have arrived in 

 Berlin were shown to the Academy by the author, and the water 

 is still quite clear and transparent, having only a few flakes at the 

 bottom, which render it turbid when shaken, but soon subside again 

 to the bottom, and the former transparency is restored. When 

 opened, a slight but yet evident trace of sulphuretted hydrogen was 

 perceptible. 



The microscopic investigation has given the following results : 



1. Water from the south of Cape Horn on the high sea under 57° S. 



lat., 70° W. long., contained — 



SILICEOUS POLYGASTRICA. 



1. Fragilaria granulata. 3. Lithostylidium Serra. 



2. Hemiaulus obtusus. 



2. Water from the region of the Brazilian coast near Rio de Janeiro 



on the high sea, in 23° S. lat., 28° W. long. 



A. SILICEOUS POLYGASTRICA. 



1. Cocconeis Scuttellum. 6. Navicula Scalprum. 



2. Fragilaria Navicula. 7. Pinnularia oceanica. 



3. Gallionella sulcata. 8. ... peregrina. 



4. Haliorryna radiatum. 9. Surirella sigmoidea. 



5. Navicula dirhynchus. 10. Synedra Ulna. 



