THE COMMON FULMAR. 207 



be killed, and allowed to float about among them, they appear unconscious 

 of danger to themselves. 



'•The Fulmar never dives, but when incited to it by the appearance of a 

 morsel of fat under water. When in close view of any men, it keeps a 

 continual watch both on the men and its prey; having its feet continually in 

 motion, and yet perhaps not moving at all through the water. Its boldness 

 increases with the numbers of its species that surround it. It is a very hardy 

 bird. Its feathers being thick it is not easily killed with a blow. Its bite, 

 from the crookedness, strength, and sharpness of its bill, is very severe. 



"When carrion is scarce, the Fulmars follow the living whale; and some- 

 times, by their peculiar motions, when hovering at the surface of the water, 

 point out to the fisher the position of the animal of which he is in pursuit. 

 They cannot make much impression on the dead whale, until some more 

 powerful animal tears away the skin; the epidermis and rete mucosum they 

 entirely remove, but the true skin is too tough for them to make way 

 through it." 



Procellaria glacialis, Bonap. Syn., p. 369. 



Fulmar Petrel, Nutt. Man., vol. ii. p. 330. 



Fulmar Petrel, Procellaria glacialis, Aud. Orn. Biog., vol. iii. p. 446. 



Male, 8, IS. 



Not uncommon off the coast, from New York to Nova Scotia. Abundant 

 on the banks of Newfoundland. Breeds in high latitudes. 



Adult Male in summer. 



Bill shorter than the head, robust, straight, slightly compressed, the tip 

 curved. Upper mandible with the nostrils on the ridge, separated only by 

 a thin partition, covered by an elevated horny case, and opening directly 

 forwards, the sides convex, and separated by a groove from the nasal plate, 

 as well as from the unguis, which is remarkably strong, curved and acute, 

 the edges sharp, inflected, and slightly curved. Lower mandible with the 

 angle long, rather wide, acute, the sides erect but convex, the edges sharp 

 and inflected, the very short dorsal line ascending and slightly concave, the 

 edges decurved at the end. 



Head rather large, ovate. Neck rather short. Body full. Feet of mode- 

 rate length, stout; tibia bare for a short space below; tarsus a little com- 

 pressed, rather sharp before, covered all round with reticular scales, of which 

 those on the anterior and posterior ridges are much smaller. Hind toe a 

 slight prominence, with a conical obtuse claw; the fore toes long, slender, 

 scutellate above, connected by striated entire webs, the fourth a little longer 

 than the third, the second not much shorter. Claws rather small, arched, 

 compressed, rather acute, that of third toe with an inner thin edge. 



