PACIFIC FULMAR. 209 



Adult, 13; wing, 12|; tail, 4|; bill, If. 



North-west coast of America. Abundant. 



Adult. 



Bill shorter than the head, robust, straight, compressed, the tip curved. 

 Upper mandible with the nostrils on the ridge, separated by a thin septum, 

 covered by an elevated horny case, and opening directly forwards, the sides 

 erect, convex, and separated by a groove from the nasal plate, as well as from 

 the unguis, which is strong, decurved, and acute, the edges sharp, inflected, 

 and slightly recurved from the base to the unguis. Lower mandible with 

 the angle long, narrow, acute, the sides erect, with a groove in their whole 

 length, the edges sharp and direct, the very short dorsal line ascending and 

 slightly concave, the edges decurved at the end. 



Head rather large, ovate; neck rather short. Feet of moderate length, 

 stout; tibia bare for a short space below; tarsus a little compressed, covered 

 all round with reticular scales, of which those on the anterior and posterior 

 thin ridges are much smaller. Hind toe a slight prominence, with a conical 

 rather obtuse claw; the fore toes long, slender, scutellate above, connected 

 by striated entire webs, the fourth a little longer than the third, the second 

 or inner not much shorter. Claws rather small, slightly arched, compressed, 

 acute, that of the third toe with an inner thin edge. Plumage full, close, 

 elastic, blended; on the back and wings the feathers rather distinct. Wings 

 long; primary quills rather broad, tapering to a roundish point having a 

 minute acumen, the first four-twelfths longer than the second, which exceeds 

 the third by half an inch; secondary quills broad and rounded. Tail short, 

 rounded, of fourteen rounded feathers, of which the lateral are one inch 

 shorter than the middle; the lower tail-coverts very strong and of the same 

 length as the tail-feathers. 



Bill and feet yellow. The head, neck, and lower parts are pure white; 

 the back and wings light greyish-blue, but most of the feathers, including 

 those of the tail, becoming dark grey toward the end; the primary quills 

 and their coverts are blackish-brown, tinged with grey. 



Length to end of tail 18 inches; bill along the ridge 1^; nasal case f|; 

 wing from flexure 12j\; tail 4f ; tarsus 1|£; hind toe ■£%, its claw T \; second 

 toe l|f, its claw ||; third toe 2^- s , its claw T V, fourth toe 2%, its claw yf. 



The young bird is of a uniform dull light dusky-grey colour; a patch 

 before the eye and the primary quills dusky. Its bill and feet are also 

 yellow; the former as in the adult; the outline of its nasal case straight, its 

 ridge carinate. 



Length to end of tail 19^ inches; bill along the ridge ljf, nasal case ff; 

 wing from flexure 12^; tail 4 T %. 



Vol. VII. 31 



