50 G. A, J. VAN DER SANDE. 



and 192 and with a man from Siluwâr on Liki (Arimoa Islands) on both buttocks, to the 

 length of S — 14 cm. and 8 m. m. wide. 



Round, raised spots are also often met with in Geelvink Bay, in groups of small circles 

 of 6 or more on the shoulders and upper arms of the men (see fig. 27, with the second man 

 from the left also round the navel). In the case of some men from Kwatisoré I savv, on the 

 front of the body, two rows of such slightly raised scars, starting from the navel, like a 

 letter V extending to both shoulders, where they joined groups of those spots on each of both 

 upper arms. At Wâri also the raised scars occurred on men. It appears that raised scars can 

 be produced in différent ways. From information obtained in Humboldt Bay I gather that the skin 

 is first eut and the granulations arising in the wound are scorched at intervais, by holding red- 

 hot strips of the leaf stalk of the cocoa-nut palm over them, and the epidermis is only allowed 

 to grow over it after the granulation tissue has been raised by extensive growth. This cer- 

 tainly corresponds with the information of MÛLLER [1S57, 69] from the south coast, where the 

 skin was eut with a stone or shell and the wound caused was burnt; according to MODERA 

 [1830,75] thèse scars were lying on the skin to the thicknèss of the little finger. A trader at 

 Siari told me that the raised stains in Geelvink Bay are obtained by placing on the skin, 

 without previous incision, a somewhat moistened plug of cotton of the pohon baril (Malay 

 for „new tree") and then lighting it, that some then walked up and down with pain, but that 

 the opération was always continued for the sake of embellishment. 



De Clercq and Schmeltz [1893, 32] call the material ,,fungus" and state that each time after a 

 distant journey the number of the raised spots is increased by one, — a peculiarity, which was communicated 

 to Horst [18S9, 23S] on the island of Jâpen, as also, that the guis at dances give the young men such 

 wounds with burning wood. Robidé van der Aa [1879, 168] turns thèse matters round where he writes 

 of Karas, on the south west coast: „On thèse islands they are fond of giving proof of manly strength, a 

 sport is made out of it and one man challenges another to see who can best endure pain. Thus f. i. fibres 

 of cocoa-nut husk are placed on upper arm or chest, and then ignited; whoever can stand the deepest 

 wounds to be burnt, without giving any sign of pain, is the hero". 



Finsch [188S — 93, 345] who found the round, raised stains often on women of Astrolabe Bay on 

 shoulders and arms, was told that they serve as a mémento at the death of near relations, but also as a 

 proof of courage, whilst in the Gilbert Archipelago he saw young girls causing such scars on themselves 

 with a red-hot nut shell, „out of fun". He states further on [1S8S, 333] that in K. W. Land as well as on 

 New Britain [1888 — 93, 14] a repeated incision leads to the same results, but that several months are 

 required for the purpose. Me Farlane [1888, 126] however writes, concerning this, of the Gulf tribes „by 

 cutting and inserting into the wound powdered shell, which gives it when healed a swollen, rib-like appearance". 

 Much more common than the raised scars the flat scars occur in Netherl. New 

 Guinea, as well lineal, as in the shape of round spots. Lineal ones I found with men of 

 Nagramâdu; in still larger quantifies and distinguished from the surroundings by a somewhat 

 lighter colour, in the skin of the backs of the women, apparently without regularity, to the 

 length of dr 8 cm. mixed up anyhow; so narrow, that they can only hâve been obtained by 

 incision. On a man at Liki I found, on the other hand, such lineal scars in the skin of the 

 chest and the belly very regularly placed, ail running vertically and 4 — 6 cm. long to the 

 number of 20, and on another, about eleven shorter ones, vertical and parallel, distributed 

 over the whole breadth of the forehead. With the object of this arrangement I hâve not become 

 acquainted. The wide distribution on the individual is opposed to the idea that they hâve 



