FOOD, DRINK AND DELICACIES. 19 



Island; it is also remarkable that very young children are there allowed to smoke. FlNSCH 

 saw how such young children of Aroani were already quite accustomed to the narcotic influence 

 of this peculiar way of smoking see (Annual REPORT [1899, PI. I]). But also in the north 

 west tobacco pipes are found ; by WALLACE [1869 II, 188], VON ROSENBERG [1875, 104, 

 PL XIII], De Clercq and SCHMELTZ [1893, 73, N°. 384, PI. XIV, fig. 7] and others, they 

 hâve become known of Hâtam and Andai. Thèse pipes, hovvever, are not made out of bam- 

 boo, but out of a single pièce of red brown wood, often with an ear-shaped handle. The 

 three pipes of the présent collection (N°. 169 — 171) are brought from the same part of New 

 Guinea, but from other tribes, and to this probably owe the modified form, which cornes to 

 this, that the handle lies as a straight stem in the prolongation of the head and in the 

 middle, transversely, a short mouthpiece is carved out. N°. 169, PI. IV, fig. 31 and N°. 170 

 of the tribe of the Manîkion, which cultivâtes its own tobacco, hâve a somewhat sword-shaped 

 handle. The Amsterdam collection contains such a pipe (Ser. 103, N°. 3) with the origin 

 given as ,Doré", which appears to me to be wrong. 



N°. 171, PI. IV, fig. 30, from the Arfak Mountains lias a bodkin-shaped handle. D'ALBERTIS 

 [1880, 132J illustrâtes amongst his pipes from the Arfak Mountains a similar spécimen, only 

 provided at the end with a small button. When not in use, it is stuck in the upper armlet. 

 The Manîkion do the same thing, thus diftering from the Hâtam people, who let the pipe 

 hang from a string round the neck in front of the chest. I hâve not noticed that the pipe 

 was allowed to circulate hère. Instead of the pièce of smouldering wood with which the 

 Humboldt Bay man lights his cigarette, a t i n d e r box is used hère, consisting of a small bam- 

 boo cylinder, on which a pièce of superior earthenware, probably of Chinese origin and on 

 the fracture almost like porcelain, is struck, in order to set fire to a small pièce of tinder, 

 ail thèse things being carried inside the cylinder. Probably the kind of bamboo used is very 

 hard and rich in siliceous acid. The tinder, the guide said, was from the pohon bahru (Malay = 

 new tree); according to De Clercq (De Clercq and Schmeltz [1893, 72]) it is found on 

 the inside of the broadened lower end of the branches of the Nibung palm. The tinder of 

 the two tinder boxes (N°. 172, PL IV, fig. 29 and 29a and N\ 173) of the collection is derived 

 from Ly coper dinaceae, however, evidently on purpose, mixed with very fine fibres of 

 charcoal, which possibly increases the durability and the inflamability. When used, the bam- 

 boo is taken vertically in the left hand, the pièce of porcelain in the right. In striking down 

 with a quick, strong and rubbing stroke, the spark shows itself behind the point of contact, 

 over the pièce of porcelain, and it is therefore against this point that the fingers of the right 

 hand hold pressed at the same time a small lump of tinder. It is not difficult to make fire 

 in this way and the tinder burns very quickly. In the case of the primitive tinder box, found 

 by VON ROSENBERG [1875, 95] on the Arfak Mountains, a flint was used, and it is reported 

 that no tinder, but picked and sundried bark is used. 



Just like the Malays, the Papuans appear to find the tobacco too strong to chew unmixed ; 

 still this habit was reported from Waropen by De CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 71]. The chew- 

 ing of bétel is on the other hand quite common in New Guinea, as well by the men as by the 

 women and even outdoes in certain places the tobacco, as a popular luxury. In the district south 

 of Maccluer's Gulf, according to Van DlSSEL [1904, 958] no young man may chew siri before he 

 has killed somebody ; in Humboldt Bay it is not allowed as long as the young men still 



