CLOTHING AND ORNAMENT. J7 



with the chains made of dogs' teeth, which, not being the produce of the hunt, may be worn 

 by women. The nose ornament hère meant consists on both sides of the flat latéral surface of 

 an incisivus, and therefore does not represent a single tusk, but a complète set of two tusks, 

 each with its own curvature. 



On purpose asked about it, it was said in H. B. that thèse pièces were obtained by grinding 

 the tusks on stone ; whether the medial side of the original tusk is then sacrificed, this did not 

 become quite clear to me. DE CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 23, N°. 79, PL V, fig. 5] write 

 of the object collected in H. B. that it consists of two ground down boar's tusks. FlNSCH 

 [iS8S a , PL XX, fig. 8] who illustrâtes a set of Lektre in K. W. Land, speaks in the text 

 page 36 of „cut lengthways and smoothly ground", elsewhere [1888, 333] of boar's tusks split 

 lengthwise and ground thin, BlRO [1899, 21] of boar's tusks eut into two halves, PARKINSON 

 [1900, 26] of split boar's tusks for the breast war-shield, which he saw being manu- 

 factured, altho' he does not mention the technic followed in the splitting, any more than 

 SCHELLONG, who in his interesting technical description [1888, 220] does not mention an 

 instrument or method. 



According to BlRO [1. c, 22], the latéral as well as the medial side are indeed ob- 

 tained undamaged from one tusk and both halves of one tusk, it is said, are always 

 placed regularly opposite each other in the breast fighting ornament. By the way, it may 

 be remarked that the latter view of BlRO is not correct, as for this' ornament the medial, 

 transversely convex surfaces are exclusively used. It appears from the foregoing that the 

 interesting question as to how the material was worked during the stone period, still remains 

 insufficiently solved. 



The small holes at the lower end of each pièce are obtained by boring both 

 surfaces, thus making them conical on both sides. Both halves are connected by vegetable 

 fibres or rope made from the same, sometimes covered with gum to reduce the roughness 

 and to make the thickness at this spot agrée with the width of the opening of the septum. 

 Sometimes each of the parts is ornamented in the middle of its length with a small lashing 

 of the black mycélium. De CLERCQ and SCHMELTZ [1893, 23, N°. 79, PL V, fig. 5] give an 

 example of this, and in the Utrecht collection such a spécimen also occurs under N°. 284 ; 

 both are from H. B. and the object is not mentioned from anywhere else. Characteristic 

 of Lake Sentâni appears to be the use of small rings of snake or lizard skin, joined on to 

 the tusks; N°. 321 (PL XII, fig. 20) of Abâr has four such small rings. The most common 

 way of wearing the object is probably with the points tumed up near the eyes (fig. 157); 

 it is however left entirely to the wearer, now and then somebody is seen wearing them 

 pointing downward. Both ways, side by side, are given in fig. 198. The ornament is very often 

 temporarily suspended on the bags; on Lake Sentâni it was very much worn on a necklace 

 plaited in différent ways, by préférence after the pattern of fig. 4, and from which it was 

 then hanging down on the breast. The same thing occurs in K. W. Land (BlRO [1899, 21]), 

 where also it is sometimes fastened to the beard. The eastern limit is Dampier Island 

 (FlNSCH [1888 — 93, 650]) and De CLERCQ has collected a set of unground boar's tusks as 

 far west as Wéwé (De CLERCQ and Schmeltz [1893, 23, N°. 72, PL V, fig. 6]), now in Leyden 

 (Ser. 929, N°. 72), which on closer examination appears to be a frontlet of cassowary feathers 

 at either end with a large unground tusk, which however never serves hère as a nose 



